A Study On Expressions Of C-Myc, HTERT, Survivin And Caspase-3 In Oral Leukoplakia And Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Of Human Oral Mucosa

PurposeOral leukoplakia (OLK) means a white patch on oral mucosa that can't be rubbed off, checked by histology and showing epithelial unusual hyperplasias and its canceration rate reach3-5%, OLK is considered to be the the most typical precancerous lesions. Some of them finally turn into squamous cell carcinoma of oral (OSCC). OSCC is the most common malignant tumour in the oral cavity, accounting for more than 80% of the oral malignant tumour. However, measuring OLK's cancerating latent energy and making early correct diagnoses on OSCC have important directive significance to clinical work. OLK's developing into OSCC is a complicated course with multiple stages and multiple processes, the canceration course of OLK is no exception. The transposition of gene c-myc of oncogene and unusual expression of the protein result play a certain role in OLK cancerating; with the developments of telomerase's measuring and cells apoptosis theory make OLK study go further on the molecule mechanisms of canceration with cell. Research showes that telomerase is one of most sensitive indexes of tumour. Human telomerasereverse transcriptase (hTERT) is subunit of telomerase catalysis, hTERT protein expression is related to activation of telomerase, limiting the speed of expression of the activation of telomerase. Researches showes that c-Myc protein is one of the initiator, whose expressing notably increasely among tumour cells by protein, hence activating or suppressing c-Myc 's expression can change hTERT gene initiators activation, the protein of c-Myc and hTERT protein reflect very approximately the expression situation of c-myc gene and hTERT gene. Survivin is a new family members of inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) in recent years, possessing dual function roles as suppressing process cell death and regulating cell's multiplication. Discover indicates that Survivin can directly or indirectly restrain cysteinyl asartate -specific protease (Caspase) and Caspase is the key mechanism of cell's apoptosis, whose chain reaction activating influence the change of wither and die form. Caspase - 3 is its main member, the key effect enzyme in Caspase. This subject uses the immunohistochemical staining technical to research in OLK and OSCC, how do C-Myc protein and hTERT protein, Survivin and Caspase - 3 express, in order to understand the relation between their expressions and development of OLK and OSCC.MethodsEight-nine cases of formalin-fixed paraffin-embeded specimens from oral mucosa lesions were obtained from the pathology archive files of the Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. These specimens of OLK were divided into four groups: 14cases of simple hyperplasia,12cases of mild dysplasia,12cases of moderate dysplasia and 10cases of severe dysplasia. OSCC were pathologically classified into grade 1,11 and HI according to the division degree of the cell, concluding 16 cases of OSCC of grade 1,14 cases of OSCC of grade II, 11 cases of OSCC of grade III. Besides, 10 cases of normal oral mucosa organizations are regarded as normal control. Immunohistochemical staining technical was used to detected expression of Caspase-3, Survivin, c-Myc and hTERT Protein. The expression rates of them were counted respectively. Then all data were analyzedstatistically. Results1. Normal control c-Myc protein is dyed negatively. In simple hyperplasia groups OLK, dysplasia OLK and OSCC groups, c-Myc protein presented positive, The expression rates of c-Myc protein in normal control group, simple hyperplasia OLK, dysplasia OLK and OSCC were 0%(0/10), 21.43%(3/14), 52.94%(18/34) and 75.61% (31/41) respectively. There are statistical differences among four groups (P<0.05), and there are statistical differences in dysplasia OLK groups (P<0.05) and in OSCC groups (P<0.05) respectively. In dysplasia OLK groups, with the increase of the dysplasia degree, the expressions of c-Myc increase accordingly. In OSCC, the strength of c-Myc protein staining increased with the decreasing cell differentiation...