| Objectives:Human esophageal cancer (EC) is one of the most common malignant tumors, the mortality rate of esophageal cancer in China is the highest among the cancer mortality in the five continents, and esophageal cancer is the forth-leading causes of cancer death in China. The mortality rate of esophageal cancer which originated from the data of 1/10 sample death investigation in the whole nation population in 1990～1992 were 27.73/100,000 for men and 13.63/100,000 for women respectively, which were 3.1 and 3.6 times higher than the data published by the World Health Organization(WHO)in 1998.Cixian in Hebei province is one of the areas with the highest mortality rate in China. According to The National Tenth-Five-Year Scientific Championship Project, this study is to characterize the histologic types of esophageal cardiac mucosae by endoscopic survey in a high-risk area of China so as to contribute to the secondary prevention of esophageal cancer.Methods:A endoscopic survey with lugol,s staining was carried out in Cixian from December 2001 to May 2002.The National Tenth-Five-Year Scientific Championship Project chose people aged 40～69 years old in nine villages in the hilly part of Cixian as the survey population. The hilly part of the County has a higher incidence rate of esophageal cancer than the plain part. The total population of the nine villages was 12048,the incidence rate and mortality rate of esophageal cancer in this region during 1996～2000 was 176.0/100 000, 126.2/100 000 per year respectively. The survey rate should be above 70%.Two days prior to the survey, personal contacts with potential examiners were made by local physicians to arrange details for the survey. At the beginning of the survey, examiners were questioned to fill in a epidemiological questionnaire, physical examination was performed by physicians to exclude persons with serious contraindication to endoscopic examination, then endoscopic examination was performed by specialists with the methods according to the contents of The National Tenth-Five-Year Scientific Championship Project, the results were recorded in detail, the biopsy specimens were fixed by 80% alcohol and stained by hematoxylin-eoxsin(HE),the diagnosis were made by pathologists.Finally, the data were input the computer to set up a survey information database and handled by SPSS 10.0 software with chi-square test,α=0.05.Results:1 The total population of the nine villages attended the massive endoscopic survey were 12 048,the population aged 40～69 years old were 2 992,excluding the contraindicative population 267(including cancer patients 32,heart disease patients 22,cerebrovascular disease patients 29,hypertension patients 55,other kinds of disease patients 56,deaths 59,emigrants 14), the number of population which had been examed by endoscopy was 2 013 contained male 973 and female 1 040, the sex ratio (males to females) was 0.94:1,the survey rate was 73.8%(2 013/2 725).2 The histologic detecting rates of squamous epithelium acanthosis, squamous epithelium atrophy, basal cell hyperplasia of esophagus were 1.9%(38/2 013), 0.1%(3/2 013) and 0.9% (18/2 013) respectively. The mild esophagitis, moderate esophagitis, severe esophagitis of esophagus were 34.9%(703/2 013), 1.6%(33/2 013) and 0.2%(4/2 013) respectively. The mild dysplasia, moderate dysplasia, severe dysplasia of esophagus were 8.6%(172/2 013), 7.8%(157/2 013) and 2.6%(53/2 013) respectively. The carcinoma in situ, intramucosal carcinoma, invasive squamous carcinoma of esophagus were 2.5%(50/2 013), 0.2%(4/2 013) and 0.7%(14/2 013) respectively. The histologic detecting rates of non-atrophic gastritis, atrophic gastritis of cardia were 36.3%(730/2 013) and 11.5%(232/2 013) respectively. The mild dysplasia, severe dysplasia of cardia were 2.5%(51/2 013) and 0.8%(17/2 013) respectively. The intra- mucosal adenocarcinoma, invasive adenocarcinoma of cardia were 0.1%(3/2 013) and 0.8%(17/2 013) respectively. The early detecting rate of esophageal cancer was 79.4%(54/68).3 The histol...
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