Study Of Gallnut Water Extract's Enhancing Remineralization Of Initial Artificial Enamel Lesions

Treatment of initial enamel lesions is one of the important things in caries prevention. Effective medicine and diagnostic methods can prevent and cure initial enamel lesions. It has been found that 38%Ag (NH₃)₂F is more effective than other medicine in terms of clinical observation. However, 38% Ag (NH₃)₂F has side-effect, which can make teeth black, erode soft tissues, and so on. Not all patients are willing to use it. Gallnut water extract is researched recently on its preventing caries. It has proved Gallnut water extract can inhibit disassembly of collagen, accelerate remineralization of dentin and inhibit demineralization of enamel. Up to date, no articles have been reported the effect of remineralization of Gallnut water extract. This experiment aims to observe surface morphology of initial enamel caries, the change of elements and explore the effect to accelerate remineralization after treated with Gallnut water extract.The first part: study of the feasibility of gallnut water extract's enhancing remineralization 1. Location of Human Serum Albumin in enamel lesionsThis experiment observed the location of Human Serum Albumin ininitial nature enamel lesions and artificial enamel lesions by SEM. The results showed that enamel rods are in the nature enamel caries and polystyrene beads were bound in the enamel rods. What's more, enamel rods were destroyed partially and polystyrene beads were bound in the enamel rods in the artificial enamel lesions in high SEM. polystyrene beads exist in the subsurface of nature enamel lesions and artificial enamel lesions in low SEM. So when certain medicine is studied about whose effect to exogenous Human Serum Albumin, this artificial enamel model can be formed to simulate the initial nature enamel lesions.2. Contents of Ca after Gallnut water extract interacting with remineralizing liquidsConcentration of Ca was measured by biochemical analyzer after Gallnut water extract interacting with remineralizing liquids. The results showed that no deposit was formed and Concentration of Ca didn't decrease in the mixed liquids. It was analyzed that hydrophilic compounds was formed between Gallnut water extract and [Ca (OH) +].3. Contents of Ca and P after Gallnut water extract interacting with remineralizing liquids and Human Serum Albumin solutionContents of Ca and P were measured atomic absorptiometer and spectrophotometer of the compounds formed by Gallnut water extract, remineralizing liquids and Human Serum Albumin solution. The results showed that floc deposit was formed and little contents of Ca and P were bound, which is 0-4ug and 0-2ug, respectively. In addition, there was no clear difference among different concentrations of Gallnut water extract. There is the final conclusion that choose 1mg/ml, 10mg/ml , 30mg/mI as the experimental concentration.The second part: observation the effect of gallnut water extract to remineralization of initial artificial enamel lesions by experiments1. Observation of surface morphology of enamel lesions treated by gallnut water extractSEM was used to observe surface morphology of enamel treated with 38% Ag (NH₃)₂F, 2%NaF, 1mg/ml, 10mg/ml 30mg/ml gallnut water extract and deioned water. The results showed the surface of the enamel is covered with densely uniform fingerlike structure after treated with lmg/mk 10mg/ml, 30mg/ml gallnut water extract and 38%Ag (NH₃)₂F, Group 2%NaF forms different sized globules, Group deioned water forms honeycomb structure. Observed from the surface morphology that gallnut water extract and 38% Ag (NH₃)₂F are more effective than 2%NaF and deioned water, in addition, lmg/mk lOmg/ml, 30mg/ml gallnut water extract have the similar effect.2. Analysis of elements in the enamel surface treated by gallnut water extractEnergy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis (EDXA) was used to examine elements in the enamel surface. The results showed that elements C, O, Ca, P, Mg in the surface of enamel lesions treated by 1mg/ml gallnut water extract .Ca/P in weight and atom is 2.5 and 1.9 in group gallnut respectively, 1.1 and 0.9 respectively in group deioned water. This implied that solid phase formed treated with gallnut water extract can inhabit further dimineralization.3. Analysis of formation of new substance in the enamel treated with gallnut water extractX-ray diffraction was used to examine whether new crystals had been formed. The results showed there was no new crystal formed treated by gallnut water extract。 lattice parameters calculated were a=0.948nm,c=0.686nm in group gallnut water extract, group deioned water were a=0.941nm , c=0.685nm, lattice parameters of normal enamel were a=0.942nm, c=0.688nm.This indicated that enamel crystals are bigger in group gallnut water extract than in group deioned water. Compared with normal enamel, a was increased and c was decreased,the enamel crystals were deformed in group gallnut water extract.4. Analysis of the effect of remineralization treated by gallnut water extractBecause the fluorescence thickness is negative correlative to the effect of remineralization, Reflected Light Fluorescence Microscopy (RLFM) was used to examine fluorescence thickness of enamel caries after treated with 38% [Ag (NH₃F], 2%NaF, 1mg/ml, 10mg/ml, 30mg/ml gallnut water extract and deioned water. The results showed that there was no distinct difference of thickness in different concentrations of gallnut water extract, fluorescence was seeped in the caries full in group deioned water and fluorescence was seeped less in group NaF, the least in group gallnut and group Ag(NH₃)₂F. This indicated that group gallnut and group Ag (NH₃)₂F have more effective in remineralization than group NaF and group deioned water. Besides the effect of remineralization in group gallnut is similar to group Ag (NH₃)₂F.5. Observation of changes of enamel surface treated with gallnut water extract by animal model.This experiment made Dog as the animal model. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to examine enamel surface. The results showed that particles were formed in the enamel surface after smeared with 50mg/ml gallnut water extract and 38% Ag (NH₃)₂F and 2% NaF and not in group deioned water. Dense particles were formed and covered all of the surface of enamel after treated with 38% Ag(NH₃)₂F, particles covered part of the...