| Objective: Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a kind of soft tissue idiopathic multiple pigmented angiosarcoma. The occurrence of KS indicts the significance of speciality in race and territory. In China, classical KS mainly occurs in Uygur and Kazak ethic group in Xinjiang Autonomous Region. The etiological factor of KS is not clear yet. The aim of the study is to find epidemiology factors that are related to this malignant tumor, and offer more information for further description of the molecular mechanism of the pathogenesis of Xinjiang classical KS and AIDS associated KS.Methods: A 1:4 case control study was used and x2 test was performed in this study to analysis the role of environment and life styles in the KS arise. The control groups were selected by the standard of the same sex, region, and age difference no more than 5 years compared to the corresponding KS cases. Meanwhile, we collected both the KS patients' and controls' blood and tissue samples. Then infectious factors, some cytokines and immune factors were tested. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) , Tumor Necrosis Factor- α (TNF- α ), Interferon (IFN- γ), Interleukin (IL-6), neopterin and β2-Microglobin( β2-MG) serum level were tested by Enzyme-Linked Immunoadsorbent Assay (ELISA). Nested-PCR was used to detect HHV8 and EBV DNA in all blood and tissue samples.Results: By Epidemiological Studies, we can not confirm the relationship between KS and environment or between KS and life style. In KS cases, some cytokines level are significant higher than those of the control groups, such as VEGF, TNF-α, IL-6, neopterin and β2-miroglobin (β2-MG) (p<0.05), the IFN- γ level is also higher in KS cases but the significance has no statistic signification(p=0.112); The HHV8 positive rate is significant higher in KS cases than those in controls (p<0.001) .Conclusions: ①The causality between KS and environment or between KS and life style were not confirmed; ② some cytokines are higher in KS cases than those of control groups; ③Some activation of immune system was found in KS cases; ④HHV8 infection is an independent risk factor for KS' occurrence.
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