| Objective: To identify risk factors for the development of DN in patients withtype 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods: A hospital-based case control study was conducted in the MetabolicDisease Hospital of Tianjin Medical University during January 2004 to November 2004. 177 DN patients and 202 DM patients without DN were selected as case group and control group respectively. Frequences of age and sex were matched between the two groups. All the information was collected by questionaire in face-to-face interview. Univariate Logistic regression, multivariate Logistic regression, principal component analysis, factor analysis were used to analyse the risk factors and the potential interactions for some risk factors.Results: Results from univariate analysis showed that the following factors were significantly associated with the development of DN: average income of every home member per month(OR=0.659 , 95%CI : 0.461 ~ 0.942) , duration of DM(OR=1.400, 95%CI: 1.073~1.825), hyperglycaemia before supper (OR=1.118, 95%CI: 1.047~1.195), hyperglycaemia post supper(OR=1.067, 95%CI: 1.006~ 1.132), history of hypertension(OR=1.843, 95%CI: 1.196~2.841), duration of hypertension(OR= 1.298, 95%CI: 1.120~1.504), bad control of SBP(OR=1.841, 95%CI: 1.336~2.537), bad control of DBP(OR=1.693, 95%CI: 1.118~2.563),long time of using insulin(OR=1.691, 95%CI: 1.114—2.568), insulin dose of every day(OR= 1.456, 95%CI: 1.138-1.831), fat meat intake(OR= 1.550, 95%CI: 1.167-1.927) , lack of exercise after DM(OR=1.564 , 95%CI: 1.204 ~ 2.031) , smoking(adjusted by drink OR= 1.349, 95%CI: 1.031—1.765), BUN (OR= 3.114, 95%CI: 1.976-4.908), Cr(OR= 3.916, 95%CI: 2.122-7.228), high serum uric acid (OR= 2.088, 95%CI: 1.250-3.489), low urine uric acid(OR=2.238, 95%CI: 1.312—3.816), low whole blood viscidity (OR= 3.750, 95%CI: 1.885-7.460), fibrinogen (OR= 2.371, 95%CI: 1.407—3.998), ESR(OR=1.024, 95%CI: 1.010— 1.038), hypocaIcaemia(OR= 2.554,95%CI: 1.409—4.631), DR(OR= 4.285,95%CI: 2.518—7.289), DPN(OR= 1.638, 95%CI: 1.091—2.461), diabetic foot(OR= 2.656, 95%CI: 1.427-4.945), history of stroke (OR= 1.974, 95%CL-1.222-3.190), history of CVD(OR= 1.525,95%CI: 1.032-2.253), Peripheral vascular disease (OR= 1.797, 95%CI: 1.128—2.714), the time for fist microalbuminuria test(OR= 1.046, 95%CI: 1.003 - 1.090) , brainwork (OR=0.641, 95%CI : 0.432 - 0.950) , higher education(OR=0.424, 95%CI: 0.186—0.964), vegetable intake before DM(OR=0.697, 95%CI: 0.556-0.874), vegetable intake after DM (OR=0.669, 95%CI: 0.517-0.866), low total protein(OR=2.823,95%CI: 1.302-6.123), low albumin (OR=2.347, 95%CI: 1.523-3.616), low A/G (OR=3.442, 95%CI: 1.895—6.253), values of C-peptide rising 2 hours after OGTT(OR=0.661, 95%CI: 0.447—0.977), ratio of 2h C-peptide/fasting C-peptide (OR= 0.584,95%CI: 0.395—0.862), low level of blood cholesterol (OR=0.547, 95%CI: 0.338—0.886), low level of blood triglyceride (OR=0.383, 95%CI: 0.164—0.892). The results of multi-Logistic analysis showed that the following factors were significantly associated with DN: hypertension(OR=1.392, 95%CI: 1.111 — 1.743), low whole blood viscidity (OR=1.410, 95%CI: 1.125—1.768), duration of DM(OR=1.594, 95%CI: 1.260—... |
