Effect Of Panaxadiol Quinqueloium Saponins On Diabetic Nephropathies Rats

Diabetic Nephropathies is one of most common and serious chronic complication of DM, which is the main reason of DM death especially insulin–dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM, type 1). High blood glucose is initiating agent of DN, top and base cell of proximal convoluted tubule cells are in high blood glucose, and intercapillary cells show that ECM increased and cells become hypertrophy. The case fatality rate of DN is than thirty times as simple DM. There is about 30%-40% DN in IDDM and 15%-20% DN in NIDDM in China. Sulfonylurea, biguanides, euglycemic agent, insulinotropin, aldose reductase inhibitors, hypotensive drug are main oral application drug to cure DN. But the drugs have many side effects and insulin-dependent caused by injecting insulin for a long time.So we must to find abetter drug(high effect and low toxicity)PQDS, which is the main reconstituent of American ginseng Which includes many monomers saponin: -R_b1, -R_b2, -R_b3, -R_e, -R_d, -F₂, -R_H2 ,RAO and so on, Pharmacological action of PQDS include central nervous system, cardiovascular system and immune system. There are not study on effect of PQDS on DN at present, therefore, in order to develop PQDS and find drugs to treat DN. Rat DN model was made STZ,We detect sugar,β2-MG, pathological change , serum creatinine and UN to explain Auti-DN action of PQDS. we also detect GLUT-1 to explore mechanism of action .The experiment results will provide science evidence for PQDS clinical use.1. In PQDS200mg/kg group rat, blood sugar obviously stepped down after given PQDS in 10d,20d,30d(P<0.05);in PQDS100mg/kg group, blood sugar has tendency to stepped down, but not statistical significance(P>0.05).2. In PQDS100mg/kg group, Serum creatinine was tendency (P>0.05),UN was not chang; in PQDS200mg/kg group, Serum creatinine was depressed significantly(P<0.05), unchanged UN .3. Kidney weight, body weight, Organ module,and Urine volume of rats have changed little in PQDS100mg/kg group(P>0.05); in PQDS200mg/kg group, Kidney weight, body weight, and Organ module unchanged(P>0.05) ,Urine volume was decreased(P<0.05).4.β2-MG was significantly depressed in PQDS100,200mg/kg group(P<0.05).5.Area of GLUT-1 of PQDS100mg/kg group is less than model group in(P<0.05);Area, Integral photodensity, and Average photodensity of GLUT-1 are less than model group in PQDS200mg/kg group(all P<0.01).6. Under the light microscope, in PQDS200mg/kg group renal glomerulus volume had no change, ECM stepped up in part but not thickening, blood vessel is similar to normal. In PQDS100mg/kg group renal glomerulus volume diminished, ECM increased and thickening suffusionly, number blood vessel decreased .Under the electron microscope, in PQDS 100mg/kg group, ECM appears hyperplasia, and mesenterium cells and base change little. Several lysosome particle can be seen in periplant of mesenterium cells . Part architecture of filter membrane was not clear, mesenterium cells and base inserted to filter membra , kytoplasm of endothelial cells hyperplasy little and arcade. In PQDS 200mg/kg group, ECM and architecture of mesenterium base architectonic,and filter membrane was normal, foot process had no change and its architecture was clear, basement membrane was uniformity, local periplast of arcaded endothelium cells, nuclei and periplast of foot cell were clearly.In conclusion, PQDS has an effect on DN in rats. The mechanism of the action must be related to blood sugar reduction and depressed expression of GLUT-1. Other mechanisms of PQDS Auti-DN need to be further study.