| This thesis consists of six chapters, belong to two parts altogether. The first part showed the isolation and identification of all kinds of compounds from Forsythia suspense and Osmanthus fragrans"Jingui", and the antioxidant, lipid-lowering andα-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Twenty Compounds were isolated and twelve compounds were identified, including lignins, triterpens, flavonoids and aromatic derivatives, and one novel compound. The biological activity assays showed that F. suspense and O. fragrans"Jingui"had antioxidant, lipid-lowering andα-glucosides inhibitory activities. The second part analyzed the volatile compounds from eight species, which belong to Rosaceae and Oleaceae. It showed that volatile compounds might be converted with the flowers bloom, and SPME is a quick, simple technique to detect the volatile compounds in the traditional Chinese medicine.一. Chemical constituents and bioactivities of two speciesThe fruits of F. suspense (Oleaceae), is an important Traditional Chinese Medicine"Lian Qiao", officially listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia since 1990. It is distributed abundantly in Shanxi, Shanxi, Henan, Shandong, and F. suspense from Shanxi and Shanxi are used as"Daodi"Drug.O. fragrans"Jingui"(Rosaceae), one of O. fragrans variety, has high economic, ornamental and practical value. It is not only used as food and medicine, but also has cosmetic and health care functions.1. Chemical constituents from F. suspense leaves and O. fragrans"Jingui"flowers There are few reports on chemical compounds isolated from the leaves of F. suspense. In order to search active constituents from the leaves of F. suspensa, we studied phytochemically on the the leaves of this plant, which were collected from Luanchuang, Henan Province. Fourteen compounds were isolated and ten compounds were identified, including lignins, flavonoid, triterpenes, and aromatic derivatives. They were p-hydroxybenzoate (1), isobutyl p-hydroxybenzoate (2), ursolic acid (3), phillygenin (4), (-)-pinoresinol (5), (+)-pinoresinol (6), Forsythenin (7), phillyrin (8), quercetin (9), (1Z)-2-amino-3-hydroxycyclopenta-2,4-dienone oxime (10), and their structure are illustrated in Figure 1. Compound 1 and 2 were obtained from this genus for the first time, Compound 10 was a novel oxime derivatives. There is only one non-volatile compounds was isolated from O. fragrans"Jingui"in literatures. In order to further exploitation and utilization of this resources, we studied phytochemically on the the flowers of this plant, which were purchased from Guilin, Guangxi Province. Six compounds were isolated and two compounds were identified. They were ursolic acid (1), oleanolic acid(2), and their structure are illustrated in Figure 2.. Compound 1 was obtained from this plant for the first time.2. Bioassay of F. suspense leaves and O. fragrans"Jingui"We assayed the antioxidant activities of petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, water soluble extracts and several compounds from F. suspense leaves and O. fragrans"Jingui"flowers by DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays. All compounds showed a significant antioxidant activity, as well as the n-butanol extract. Ethyl acetate extract of F. suspense showed certain antioxidant activities, which was stronger than water soluble extract. n-Butanol extract of O. fragrans"Jingui"also showed certain antioxidant activities. In order to observe the reducing blood lipid effects of phillygenin and ethyl acetate extract of F. suspense, nutritive hyperlipidemia mice model was established. The results showed that phillygenin and ethyl acetate extract have favourable effects in reducing blood lipid. Bioassay of inhibitingα-glucosidase activities showed that ethyl acetate extract of F. suspense and O. fragrans"Jingui", n-butanol extract of O. fragrans"Jingui", ursolic acid, (+)-pinoresinol, (-)-pinoresinol and isobutyl p-hydroxybenzoate exhibited significant inhibitingα-glucosidase activities.3. Chemical constituent and pharmaceutical studies of F. suspense and O. fragrans were reviewed.二,Analysis of the volatile constituents of eight speciesRosaceae and Oleaceae, belong to dicotyledoneae, which are distributed widely in nature, are common trees in landscaping. There are many reports on the chemical constituents and pharmaceutical studies of these two genuses.1. Studies on the volatile constituents of four Rosaceae speciesThere are few reports on the volatile constituents of Rosaceae. We analyzed and compared the volatile constituents from the buds and flowers of Prunus persica (L.) Batsch. f. alboplena Schneid, Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai, Malus halliana and Sorbaria sorbifolia (L.) A.Br using head-space solid phase microextraction combined with retention indices. The results showed that there was a complex transformation processed with flowers bloom, esters was hydrolyzed by hydrolase.2. Studies on the volatile constituents of four Oleaceae speciesWe analyzed and compared the volatile constituents from F. suspense (Thunb)Vahl., Syringa oblata Lindl., Jasminum nudiflorum Lindl and O. fragrans Lour. using head-space solid phase microextraction combined with retention indices. It showed that solid phase microextraction was a fast, simple detection means, and could be widely used in analysis of volatile constituents, cosmetics and foodstuff safety detection.3. Studies on the volatile constituents from four O. fragrans Lour. cultivars In this paper, we compared the volatile constituents of four O. fragrans cultivars (O. fragrans"Jingui", O. fragrans"Baijie", O. fragrans"Fodingzhu", O. fragrans"Baiyudangui") using headspace solid phase microextraction. The results showed that"Jingui"was the top grade, followed by O. fragrans"Fodingzhu", and O. fragrans"Baijie"was the low grade. There was a significant correlation between the flower color and chemical constituents in O. fragrans, and so chemical constituents might be anxiliarily the identification of variteties of Osmanthus fragrans. |
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