| Extraction of high-quality DNA from Chinese herbal medicines and analysis and separation of DNA fragment are two basic aspects in Chinese herbal medicines identification by DNA molecular marker technology. In this paper, the methods of rapid extracting high-quality DNA from medicinal plants and the applications of capillary electrophoresis in the separation of DNA fragment were studied, which supplied some reliable experimental references for the subsequent analysis of genetic related substances in Chinese herbal medicine. In addition, a new method of micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography for the rapid and efficient detection of biological bases in drugs was also established.This paper is mainly composed of the following parts:1. A simple and feasible method of extracting high-quality DNA from Radix Polygni Multiflori was developed, which was used in extraction of DNA from Plantago asiatica L., Trifolium pratense L., Scutellaria baicalensis, Macleaya cordata, and Echinacea. Afterwards, the extracted crude DNA was purified by macroporous resin so as to explore a more extensive and applicable method for isolation and purification of DNA from Chinese herbal medicines. The results showed that the method is suitable for extracting high-quality DNA from Radix Polygni Multiflori, and macroporous resin is capable of purifying the impure DNA.2. A fast method of extracting integrity and high-quality DNA from dry leaves of Radix Paeoniae Rubra was obtained by optimizing the process of DNA extraction, which was applied successfully in PCR analyzing comparison of four Radix Paeoniae Rubra with various origin.3. Seven DNA fragments ofλDNA HindIII and twelve DNA fragments ofλDNA/EcoR I + HindIII were separated by none-gel capillary electrophoresis with the use of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and polyvinyl pyrrolidone as the sieving matrix. The same method was applied in analyzing DNA samples of Radix Polygni Multiflori, and the results were satisfactory.4. Six biological bases, including adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, theophylline, and caffeine, were separated in 8 minutes by using micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography in a buffer solution of 35 mmol·L-1 SDS-10 mmol·L-1 sodium tetraborate (adjusted to pH9.0). The same method was also used successfully in determination of biological bases in Qutong tablets, ganciclovir for injection, Xinganbao capsules, and tea.
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