| BackgroundDentine Hypersensitivity is a common and frequently encountered disease. The reported prevalence is 8–35% depending on the population studied. The Mechanism of pain transmisson in dentin hypersensitivity is still not completely understood. The hydrodynamic theory is widely accepted as the cause of tooth sensitivity. According to the hydrodynamic theory , it is the success key point that sealing the dentinal tubules ,decreasing or avoiding the fluid inside dentine flowing. At present, the commonly used method of treating dentin hypersensitivity medicine disallergization . (Corona SAM, 2003)Sodium fluoride (NaF) has also been indicated for treating dentine hypersensitivity and it is available in a variety of forms. The use of fluoridating varnishes with sodium fluoride (in high concentrations) as the active ingredient has been advocated to increase time of action of NaF in contact with exposed dentin, thus aiming to enhance its effectiveness in decreasing dentine sensitivity. However, theattempt to provide tubule closure or narrowing is relatively short-lived because the varnish has a gradual therapeutic action ( progressive in time) and can be removed during tooth brushing, before its desensitizing effect may be achieved . At present, the commonly used desensitizing agents generally are favorable in short-time, while blow the mark in a long-term. Looking for a desensitizing agents with lasting therapeutic effect is a hot spot in our studies. Propolis is a traditional Chinese medicine, recorded in the ninth volume of"China Herb", which has complicated chemical composition. It has been investigated and utilized widely in oral disease treating. Scholars abroad have reported that propolis has a specific property of precipitation, and is used to the clinical treatment of dentin hypersensitivity relatively satisfactorily. While few report about it has been seen inland.ObjectiveThe aim of our study is to observe the sealing effective of Ethanolic Extracts of Propolis on dentinal tubules ,choice out the best concentration, research the stimulus effect on mucous membrane and the therapeutic effect of the propolis, in order to offer some experimental and clinical theory for propolis treating dentin hypersensitivity.Methods1. 35 Dentin specimens with 2mm thick discs from fresh isolated first maxillary premolars were randomly divided into 7 groups(groupA, groupB, groupC, groupD, groupE, groupF and groupG).After being cleaned and etched,groupA, groupB and groupC were varnished by 1.0%,2.0% and 3.0% ethanolic extracts of propolis (EEP) respectively, group D was varnished by fluoride varnish,and group E was served as a negative control .Then the sealing status of dentinal tubule was observed by scanning electronic microscope (SEM).Then the group showing the most sealing effect among 3 propolis groups was marked"X".Group F was varnished by propolis at concentration of"X",and group G was varnished by fluoride varnish. After being brushed by toothbrush half an hour later,the morphological changes of dentinal tubules were observed by SEM.2. According to the medical industry standard of the People's Republic of China: YY/T 0279一1995, propolis at concentration of"X"and control material (plaster spatulated recently) were placed on left and right bucco- mucosas of SD grown-up rats respectively for 5 minutes. Observed the bucco- mucosas after 1 hour and 24 hour. Killed the rats 24 hour later, obtained the bucco- mucosas in experimental position, retained, imbedded, sliced, H-E stained, observed with microscope.3. 92 teeth with dentin hypersensitivity matched condition were cleaned, separated from wet ,dried, varnished by propolis at concentration of"X"and fluoride varnish respectively, every time with 1 minute, repeated 3 times, and dried after varnished . The course of treatment is 4 times, one time each week. Evaluated each tooth before varnished, after varnished, one month later, 3 months later with visual analogue scales (VAS), recorded VAS0,VAS1,VAS2和VAS3.≥75% was considered excellence, 25%～75% was utility, the others was nullity to express the degree of sensitiveness catabatic. effective power=( excellence teeth + utility teeth)/ total teeth×100%. The consequence of data was processed and analysised. Results1. All (1%,2%,3.0% propolis and fluroid varnish ) sealed the orifice of dentinal tubules . 3.0% propolis sealed completely and permeated the dentinal tubules ,reached 44.88±0.63μm depth, and sealed well after brushing with 44.81±0.61μm deep. There was not marked change before and after brushing. Fluoride varnish also sealed the orifice of dentinal tubules, but there was not visible fluoride varnish in the dentin tubules. After brushing, the dentin tubules which sealed reopened and a sprinkle sealing matter was surrounding the orifice of dentinal tubules.2. 3.0% propolis group and control group were not seen erythematous response with the mucosa ,and both score of histopathology <4. 3.0% propolis was not infaust stimulus response.3. The effective power with instantly checking up of 3.0% propolis group is 95.65%, 84.78% one month later. It had not statistics distinction with fluoride varnish group (instantly 93.48%, 71.74% one month later). But after 3 months, the effective power of 3.0% propolis group (82.61%) had statistics distinction with fluoride varnish group (63.04%). Therefore, 3.0% propolis and fluroid varnish both had favourable curative effect of treating dentin hypersensitivity, and the 3.0% propolis shows long-term effect tendency. Conclusions1. All (1%,2%,3.0% propolis and fluroid varnish ) could seal the orifice of dentinal tubules,and decrease their permeability. 3.0% propolis seals the orifice of dentinal tubules completely. The higher with the concentration, the better with the sealing effect. 3.0% propolis could permeate the dentinal tubules ,reach a certain depth, and there is no marked change before and after brushing.2. Both 3.0% propolis and fluoride varnish show favourable curative effect of treating dentin hypersensitivity. But 3.0% propolis is better than fluoride varnish after 3 months, which shows long-term effect tendency.3. There is no infaust stimulus response with 3.0% propolis according to the animal experiment.4. In short, there are many merit,such as sealing dentin tubules; the favourable curative effect of treating dentin hypersensitivity on preliminary clinical trial ;low adverse reaction ;and high outcome, low price, easy to obtain in our country. So propolis shows noticeable preponderance in treating dentin hypersensitivity, has the value to deep study.
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