| Objective Define the connotation of public health through theoretical analysis, which is the natural characteristics of public health. Combining the demands of a comprehensive well-off society construction and the health needs of rural residents, define the extension of rural public health by applying Delphi on the basic of the connotation,including essential functions and essential services of rural public health.Methods Through theoretical analysis and professional consulting, define the connotation and extension of rural public health on the background of the comprehensive well-off society construction by applying the theories and methods of health management, benefit economics , biostatistics and so on. The main methods include literature study, Delphi and biostatistics, such as descriptive statistics and chi-square test for the results of professional consultation.ResultsFirstly, the definition of public health is that public health is to organize the whole society to work together through a variety of comprehensive measures in order to prevent diseases, promotion health and benefits.These benefits organized aim at ensuring every citizen's basic right to health protection. That"diseases prevention, health and benefits promotion"is the purpose of public health. That"organizing the whole society work together"has pointed out the nature of public health, Indicating of the governments'limited responsibility and the importance of organizing social forces to participate comprehensively."Benefits"shows that public health is a kind of public undertaking full of high welfare and emphasizes public health's mission."Comprehensive"emphasizes the science and artistry property of public health, and shows that public health is the integration of science, technology and the concept."A variety of comprehensive measures"shows the scope of public health, such as Improving living environment and health conditions, prevention and control of diseases, health performance and life style promotion, response to public health emergency incidents and so on.Secondly, public health has some natural characteristics as follows: public character, social justice character, rich political connotation, social character, social value decision character, scientific character, comprehensive character, art character,prevention first and dynamic expansibility.Thirdly, on the background of a comprehensive well-off society construction,the rural public health should perform essential functions and provide essential services for rural residents, including measures and functions aim at population health, preventive services for the personal and disease treatment with public health purpose.Fourthly, on the background of the comprehensive well-off society construction, the rural public health should perform nine items of essential functions, including prevention and control the epidemic of communicable diseases and other diseases, emergency response and handling to the outbreak of diseases and emergency public health incidents, carrying out the related laws and rules, protecting the health and ensuring the safety, multi-department collaboration and encouraging the community participation, construction and perfect of the prevention and care net at the level of the county, township and village, cost calculation and financing of public health, monitoring the health status of regions, confirming and resolving the priority public health problems of population, protection the living environment and promoting the safe using of water ,carrying out health education, promotion and encouraging health performance.Fifthly, on the background of the comprehensive well-off society construction, the rural public health should provide 30 items of essential services as follows: immunization for seven special diseases, monitoring and management of the acute communicable diseases, prevention and treatment for TB, other important immunization services, control and health education of AIDS, system management of the pregnant women, system management of children, ensuring of safe water using and so on.Sixthly, on the background of the comprehensive well-off society construction, the rural public health systems at different level need provide different essential services. The rural public health system at the level of county should provide 28 items of essential services such as immunization for seven kinds of special communicable diseases. The rural public health system at the level of township should provide 24 items of essential services such as immunization for seven kinds of special communicable diseases. The rural public health system at the level of village should provide 11 items of essential services such as health toilets rebuilt.Conclusion Firstly, the results defined not only need to represent the traditional public health, but also need to reflect the content and characteristics of the new public health. Secondly, those essential public health service items should reflect the change of main diseases existed. Thirdly, those essential public health service items should reflect the characteristics and demands of the new medicine pattern. Fourthly, that the essential public health service items have paid much attention to the weak groups in rural can increase the total health benefits of people. Fifthly, that implementing non-clinical prevention services and part of clinical prevention services step by step is the main task and optional development strategy of rural public health. Sixthly, during the comprehensive well-off society construction period, the prevention of communicable diseases is still the key point of rural public health. Seventhly, strengthen the construction of rural public health system and ensure the service ability. Eighthly, divide the public health financial responsibility of government in different grades reasonably, and make the public health financing put into effect according to the scope of essential public health functions, essential public health service items and results of cost calculation.
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