| Objective: To investigate organizations peroneal tube anatomy and to observe the neural region and distribution of course, as well as the surrounding structures adjacent to the relationship between structures .To gives the important structures quantitatively analysis. In order to provide an anatomical basis for the clinical departments.Methods: Anti-corrosion of 40 adult specimens of popliteal fossa anatomy of peroneal tube, observing the area of common peroneal nerve and distribution of running around the structure and the relationship between anatomies.Results: 1. The Sagittal diameter of the left fibula head is 18.3±4.5m m ( 9.48-27.12mm ) and the right is 21.1±3.9mm(13.45-28.74mm) 2. The left fibula head diameter of coronary is 19.2±3.1mm(13.12-25.27mm)and the right fibula head diameter of coronary is 20.5±2.8mm(15.01- 25.98mm)3. The Sagittal diameter of the left fibula neck is13.5±2.5mm(8.6-18.41mm)and the right is13.8±2.6mm(8.7-18.90mm).The coronary diameter of the left fibula neck is 12.1±3.2mm(5.83-18.37mm)and the right fibula neck diameter of coronary is 13.4±3.0mm(7.52-19.28mm)4. the angle between the left fibula head and fibular neck is 165±7.1(°151-178°),163±5.9(°151-174°) The external diameter of ulnar artery in the ulnar canal is (2.17±0.20)mm.. 5. The common peroneal nerve as the lateral edge of biceps femoris tendon, the former head medial to the lateral gastrocnemius muscle, and nerve with their affixed to those of the department for the muscle is 20.5%(8 side).The semi tendon and half muscle is 69. 4 %(28 side)(the proximal is muscle tissue and the distally is tendon tissue),both of tendon tissue is 11.1%(4 side).Common peroneal nerve in the popliteal rear fascia for the tight iliotibial tract and the department of transitional, the length is 4.45±0.26cm .The width of common peroneal nerve in the lateral groove of popliteal fossa is (0.62±0.12cm). 6. The length of common peroneal nerve in peroneal tube is 2.66±0.23(2.21-3.11)cm .Peroneal entrance from a little tube of popliteal fibular muscle fascia and the department of the starting composition, both of fascia tendon-like tissue. Exports is tendinous accounted for 11.5%(4 side)muscular accounted for 8.4%(3 side)and mixing accounted for 81.1% ( 32 side ) .Length (that is the entrance to the exit) is 2.71±0.44(1.85～3.57)cm, Peroneus longus peroneal muscle fiber tube the whole arch tendinous is 7.0%(3 side),mixing accounted for 91%(36 side)and the whole muscular accounted for 2.0%(1 side).7. Common peroneal nerve divided into superficial peroneal and deep peroneal nerve in peroneal tube, its bifurcation point and the distance from tip of fibula head is 2.12±0.32 (1.50～2.74) cm. There are knee nervus recurrens in the top of common peroneal tube, its nature is more constant, go to the knee joint levelly, its accounted for 72%(29 side)is one and two accounted for 28%(11 side)Conclusions: 1. The important reasons of common peroneal nerve compression are caused by the anomalies of top fibular bone.2. The common peroneal nerve and fibular periosteum are affixed relatively in the common peroneal tube, the majorities of the peroneus longus muscle fibers are mixed or arch tendon structure, common peroneal tube is a relatively dense tunnel.3. The paste department of lateral gastrocnemius muscle and peroneal nerve is semi tendon and half muscle (the proximal is muscle tissue and the distally is tendon tissue), that are the possible reason for common peroneal nerve injured.
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