Study On The Cultural Character, The Content Of Total Alkaloids And The Bacteriostatic Activity In Vitro Of Puffballs

Puffball is a kind of traditional medicinal fungus,distributing extensively around the world.Puffballs which recorded by the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China(Edition of 2005) mainly contain the dried fruiting bodies of Lasiosphaera fenzlii Reichand,Calvatia gigantean(Batsch ex Pers.) Lloyd and C. lilacina(Mont.et Berk.) Lloyd.L.Fenzlii has the functions of detumescence,deintoxication and hematischesis. It mainly used for treating swelling and aching of throat causing by respiratory infection,tonsillitis,cough etc. It also used in clinically for treating sore and anthracia,decubital ulcer,frostbite,traumatic hemorrhage and so on.C.saccata(Vah1:Fr.) Morg,Bovista nigrescens Pers,Bovistella sinensis Lloyd and Secotium agaricoides (Czern.) Hollos,which belong to Gasteromycetes,are also used as puffballs in Chinese civilian,but they haven't been recorded by the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China yet.According to the records of pertinent literature,the immature C.saccata is edible;the spore of B.Nigrescens can be used as vulneraria; B.sinensis and S.agaricoide have the same medicinal effectiveness as L.Fenzlii.Especially,B.sinensis is extensively used as puffball in numerous traditional Chinese medicine clinics in Jilin,Jiangsu,Hubei,Jiangxi and Fujian province for coughing up blood,traumatic hemorrhage and tonsillitis etc.The puffballs' resources are abundance in China,and puffballs are using widespread for a long time in folk and clinic,so their exploitation are potential and they are worthy to further investigate.This thesis researched the cultural character and the bacteriostatic activity of 5 kinds of puffballs(S.agaricoide,L. Fenzlii,C.saccata,B.sinensis and B.nigrescens) and also determined the total alkaloids' content of B. sinensis,expected to provide the theoretical foundation for the high-quality cultivation and exploitation resources of puffballs.Used the method of solid culture to study the single factors of the carbon source,the nitrogen source,the Vitamin,the pH value,the temperature and the illumination respectively influencing on the mycelia growth of five kinds of above-mention puffballs,and then according to the results of the optimal nutritional ingredients and culture conditions,designed the orthogonal test L₁₆(4⁵) and screened the optimal prescription of the culture medium.In addition,used the method of liquid culture to study the single factors of the carbon source, the nitrogen source,the pH value and the capacity of inoculation respectively influencing on the mycelia growth of five kinds of above-mention puffballs,and screened out the optimal nutritional ingredients and culture conditions,expecting to provide the theoretical foundation of high-quality cultivation for the five kinds of puffballs and achieving the artificial cultivation.This experiment researched the different extractioes of total alkaloids of B.sinensis,using the method of the acidic water extractio to extract the crude total alkaloids of B.sinensis and then using 4 different kinds of extractioes such as type-732 cation exchange resin extractio,Soxhlet's extractio,standing extractio and heating circumfluence extractio to purify the initial extraction of total alkaloids and obtain the purified total alkaloids of B.sinensis,then assaying the contents of the total alkaloids using weighting method and acid dye colorimetry.The results showed that the total alkaloids were obtained 2.68%to be most when used the type-732 cation exchange resin extraction,and next in turn were heating circumfluence extraction which obtained 1.13%,standing extraction which obtained 0.52%and Soxhlet's extraction which obtained 0.47%.In addition,the content of Cr⁶⁺ in L.fenzlii was measured by the method of sym-diphenylcarbazide spectrophotometry.The result showed that the content of Cr⁶⁺ was from 0.1206mg/L to 0.2956mg/L.Using the mycelia,the broth and the fungi cakes of the above-mention 5 kinds of puffballs and the six kinds of solvent extractions of B.sinensis as the materials,and using the method of Kirby-Bauer and fungi cakes to study the antimicrobial activities on S.aureus,E.coli,S.typhimurium,A.niger and T.viride.The experimental results indicated that there were some same or similar bacteriostatic active materials between the broth and the promycelium of 5 kinds of puffballs.