Development Of Chromium-enriched Compound Acidophilous Milk Powder And Efficacy On Glycometabolism In Diabetic Rats

Objectives:Diabetes mellitus (DM), mostly experess in glycemia and urine glucose,was a endocrine metabolic disease in insulin hyposecretion or reduction of insulin sensitivity. DM became the serious disease which threate homo-sapiens healthe. Therefore, it was very important for us to improve the health status of diabetic and enhance the quality of diabetic life. Because nutrition treatment was the basic method in clinical therapy, researchers pay more attention to develop the effective food for diabetic. We have proved the protective effects of compound acidophilous milk for diabetic rats in the previous study. In this study we developed the the chromium-enriched compound acidophilous milk powder and researched its hypoglycemic effect in diabetic rats to provid some experimental foundation for exploiting efficiency food.Methods:1.Development of chromium-enriched compound(CEC) acidophilous milk powder:(1) Development of CEC acidophilous milk: in accordance with the same material and technics of the compound acidophilous milk we developed in the previous study.(2) Development of CEC acidophilous milk powder: Combine the compound acidophilous milk and milk powder with different proportion, low-temperature dryed(LTD) acidophilous powder was evaporated in 40℃, high-temperature dryed(HTD) acidophilous powder was evaporated in 80℃. Chromium-enriched raw material powder was put raw martierial without lactobacillus in milk powder in the same proportion.(3) Detection the activity of lactobacillus in LTD acidophilous milk powder and HTD acidophilous milk powder.2.Glycometabolic effect of CEC acidophilous milk powder in diabetic rats:(1) Grouping and feeding: 168 adult Wistar rats , 24 rats were randomly chosen as control (groupⅠ), others as model group (among them, 24 rats as protective therapy group, groupⅦ). Protective theraphy group were intragastric administrated with LTD acidophilous milk powder solution. Treated after 14 days, the model rats were given alloxan (50 mg per 1 kg). 7 days later, the rats of FPG more than 13.8mmol/L were chosen for diabetic model. Besides 8 rats as protective theraphy group, others were divided into DM group (groupⅡ), Chromium-enriched raw material powder group (groupⅢ), HTD chromium-enriched compound acidophilous milk powder group (groupⅣ), CEC acidophilous milk group (groupⅤ), LTD chromium-enriched compound acidophilous milk powder group (groupⅥ), and 8 rats in each group. Treated with 90 days, the groupⅡwere administrated with ordinary acidophilous milk powder solution, the groupⅢwith chromium-enriched raw material powder solution, the groupⅣwith HTD acidophilous milk powder solution, the groupⅤwith CEC acidophilous milk, the groupⅥandⅦwith LTD acidophilous milk powder solution.(2) Index of empirical study:①Level of FPG and OGTT were observed.②Blood serum were collected, tentative index including TG, TC, LDL, HDL, BUN, CREA,GSP, MDA, SOD, T-AOC were observed.③The levels of MDA, AGEs in the crystal were determined.④The expression of InsR, IGF-1R in the liver of rats were determined.Results:1. The viable count of LTD acidophilous milk powder was 5.9×107(cfu/g)with plate counting method. There was no active lactobacillus in HTD acidophilous milk powder.2. Treated after 37 days and 67 days, the level of FPG in groupⅦand groupⅡhave significant difference(p<0.05). Treated after 97 days, groupⅣ─Ⅶwere significantly lower than the groupⅡ(p<0.05, p<0.01).3. Treated after 39 days and 99 days, the OGTT in each group was significantly more than groupⅠ(p<0.01). Treated after 39 days, the OGTT(0.5h, 1.5h )in groupⅦwas very significantly lower than groupⅡ(p<0.01), groupⅤin1.5h was lower than groupⅡ(p<0.05). Treated after 99 days, groupⅣ─Ⅶin 0.5h, 1.0h , 1.5h, 2.0h were significantly lower than groupⅡand groupⅢ(p<0.05, p<0.01). 4. The level of GSP in groupⅡ─Ⅶwere significantly more than groupⅠ(p<0.01), but groupⅣ─Ⅶwere significantly lower than groupⅡand groupⅢ(p<0.05, p<0.01).5. The level of TG, TC, LDL in the groupⅤ,Ⅵ,Ⅶwere significantly lower than groupⅡ(p<0.05); level of HDL were significantly more than groupⅡ(p<0.05, p<0.01); level of CREA were significantly lower than groupⅡ(p<0.05, p<0.01), but BUN in every groups have no difference.6. The activity of T-AOC, SOD in the groupⅡ─Ⅶwere significantly lower than groupⅠ(p<0.01), but groupⅤ─Ⅶwere significantly more than groupⅡ(p<0.05, p<0.01), and the activity of SOD in groupⅣwas more than groupⅡ(p<0.05); the level of MDA in the groupⅡ─Ⅵwere significantly more than groupⅠ(p<0.05, p<0.01)7. InⅡ-Ⅶgroup, 5, 4, 4, 2, 2, 2 rats were developed to diabetic cataract. The level of MDA in crystal in eavh groups were more than groupⅠ, groupⅡ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅵhave significant difference with groupⅠ(p<0.05, p<0.01), and groupⅤand groupⅦwere lower than groupⅡ(p<0.05); the level of AGEs in crystal in groupⅢ-Ⅶwere lower than groupⅡ,and groupⅤ-Ⅶwere also lower than groupⅢand groupⅣ, but have no significant difference.8. The expression of IGF-1R in groupⅢ-Ⅵand InsR in groupⅢ-Ⅶwere lower than groupⅠ,but more than groupⅡ(p<0.05).Conclusion:1. Effective lactobacillus biologic activity was retained in LTD acidophilous milk powder which was developed in 40℃. LTD acidophilous milk powder can relieve the damage in the diabetic rats in advance.2. CEC acidophilous milk, LTD and HTD acidophilous milk powder can significant improve glycometabolism in diabetic rats, but chromium-enriched raw material powder can not. It indicated that the effect mentioned have more relevant to the lactobacillus fermentation, less to the drying temperature after fermentation.3. The anti-oxydation function of the diabetic rats were significant lower, and CEC acidophilous milk, LTD acidophilous milk powder can significant improve the anti-oxydation function in diabetic rats. It indicated that CEC acidophilous milk and LTD acidophilous milk powder can improve glycometabolism in diabetic rats.4. CEC acidophilous milk and LTD acidophilous milk powder can improve the abnormal blood fat, relieve kidney damage and degrade developed cataracta in diabetic rats.5. CEC acidophilous milk , LTD acidophilous milk powder ,HTD acidophilous milk powder and chromium-enriched raw material powder can enhanced the expression of IGF-1 receptor and InsR in the liver of diabetic rats.