| objective: Rabies is an acute zoonosis infection disease which is charactered with infection the nervous system caused by rabies virus, it is an old and serious diseases of natural foci. Clinical features of rabies in people are afraid of water, afraid of the wind, pharynx muscle spasm and paralysis and so on, especially for the prominent symptoms of hydrophobia. At present, rabies is the infection disease that can be prevented but cannot be cured. Rabies was a worldwide distribution, a serious threat to human and animal health, particularly severe in developing countries. India is the country where rabies most prevailed in the world, China is the second country of rabies cases following India and it is one of the countries which suffers serious rabies epidemic in the world. There is a rapid growing trend of rabies in the recent years in China. The National reports of rabies cases were 2651 cases, 2537 cases, 3293 cases and 3311 cases from 2004 to 2007. They are focus on the provinces and municipalities such as Guizhou, Guangxi, Hunan, Guangdong, Hubei, Sichuan and other provinces (autonomous regions). The incidence of rabies in Sichuan Province are one of the provinces where the annual incidence has over 1000 cases in 1980's, and up to 1262 cases in 1984, it is the No.1 province of rabies epidemic in the country. The number is One-fifth of national incidence. Governments at all levels attach great importance to this problem, promulgated the "Regulations of rabies prevention and control in Sichuan Province" in 1993, at a lower incidence of the control level from 1994 to 2003, the average annual incidence is 4.1 cases , there were reported zero cases in 1998 and 2003, epidemic in our province's continued to dramatically rise in 2004. It reported incidence separately for the 16 cases, 49 cases, 191 cases from 2004 to 2006, the number of rabies incidence reached 372 cases in Sichuan Province in 2007, and it ranked the third place of the whole nation, mainly concentrated in Nantong, Guangan, Chengdu, Suining, Ziyang and so on. In the global range, dog is the most important species in keeping this whole infection tache, it is also the most dangerous store lodger for the human health. The infection in the human body is caused by the virus in the animal's poisonous saliva through biting wound, open skin wound. The main factors for the increase of the epidemic situation are the abnormal operations of wound treatment after exposure and rabies bacterin and human body resisted rabies serum inoculation. The method recommended by The World Health Organization is Rapid Rabies Enzyme Immuno-Diagnosis test (this method is also known as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) is a sensitive and convenient way of inspecting the rabies virus antigen in the saliva of home dogs which has been applied in the popularized project of virus inspection for dogs. Through the ELISA method found that urban and rural areas carry a wide range of dogs against rabies virus exist in recent years in Sichuan Province, dog immunization rate is low and protection after immunization rate is low and difficult to get rid of foci, so popular in Sichuan happened rabies hidden grave. The Health Department of Sichuan Province set about to testing saliva of dogs in these areas to find rabies antigen, It is a fast accurate and valid method to test rabies antigen using saliva of dogs looks healthy to find infection sources. This subject carry out the saliva of dogs carrying rabies virus antigen detection in high incidence of rabies in the region in Sichuan Province in 2007, analysis relationship between dogs as potential carriers of rabies virus and the incidence of human rabies. In order to seek for the further prevention measure for rabies and enhance the prevention and control of rabies, we have to detect the rabies virus carrying condition of the dogs to provide the scientific evidence of rabies prevention and prepare practical and reliant prevention plan. Methods: Detecting the rabies virus antigen of 1350 dogs saliva which were collected from Nantong, Guangan, Chengdu, Suining, Ziyang, Meishan, Neijiang, Bazhong, Dazhou , we selected the production of Pastur (Rapid Rabies Enzyme Immuno-Diagnosis, RREID) for detection, all the reagents used in the period of validity. The presence or absence of rabies antigen is determined by comparing the absorbance value of the specimen to the established cut-off value (COV). Control group selected the results which are the Central Laboratory of Sichuan province rabies test rabies virus in dog saliva for census in 2000, when the province's Human rabies is two cases, with reference to the international incidence of high and low incidence is low-level standards. Numeration data was analyzed by chi-square test and linear correlation test, when T <1, Numeration data was analyzed by fisher's exact probabilities in 2×2 tables. Numeration data was used statistical analysis software package SPSS14.0 statistical for testing results, when P <0.05 we considers that the difference has statistical significance; P> 0.05 has no statistical significance. Results: 1350 dogs saliva were detected to find rabies virus antigen, the kit positive control in line with the obvious color kit said, 69 samples of the 1350 dogs saliva antigen test are positive. Detection of high incidence areas of the nine rate of dogs infected saliva by rabies virus have difference each other (by a list of information linesχ2 compare the rate of multiple samples, P< 0.05). Two groups have difference between the rate (by completely randomized design compared the rate of two samples, P< 0.05). Rate of dog saliva infected with rabies in people have non-linear relationship (by linear correlation test, P> 0.05). Conclusion: The incidence of rabies has relationship with a variety of factors, including wound treatment after exposure, rabies bacterin and human body resisted rabies serum inoculation, immunity in patients with injuries by dogs, and so on. Rabies required long-term integrated control strategy.
|
PDF Full Text Request