| Objectives: The aim of the present study was to assess the platelet-rich plasma(Platelet-rich plasma, PRP) and nano-hydroxyapatite (Nanometer-Hydroxyapatite, nano-HA)alone or combined on new bone formation in the mandibular bone defect of family rabbits model, explore the mechanism of PRP to promote bone regeneration, so as to provide a theoretical basis for further animal experiments and clinical applications.Materials and Methods: 40 healthy family rabbits were were selected and a 15mm×8mm×3mm defect of the mandible was made bilaterally in every rabbit. The bilateral defects were randomly divided into A, B, C, D four groups. A, B, C group respectively with PRP, nano-HA, PRP/nano-HA composite graft, Dgroup as control group. The mandibular healing was evaluated by gross observation, X-ray film and histological dyeing at 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks postoperatively. HE staining, histological analysis and computer image analysis system for collecting biopsy images to calculate the formation of new bone defect area accounts for the percentage of defect area to carry out a comparative analysis ofstatistics.Results:①Gorss observation: All experimental animals were normal in diet and activity after surgical operation, and no animals died or wound infection. The wound healed and the suture was off on its own after 1 week.②X-ray evaluation: The alveolar bone defect area ccould be see after 2 weeks, by 4 weeks after operation, the defect area had the growth of bone tissue, but the defect disappeared 4 weeks later, and no significant difference between the groups, by 12 weeks, the bone tissue recovered well.③Histological and histomoprhometric analysis: More mesenchymal cells and osteoblasts, as well as a greater volume of new bone formation were observed in the graft sites that received PRP than the control at 2 and 4 weeks postoperatively. The new bone area(%)in group A and C was significant higher than the control group(p<0.05), but group B was no difference (P>0.05). Osteogenesis phenomenon was already evident after 8 weeks, group C and the control group still existed significant difference (p<0.05), significant difference was disappeared between group A and D (P>0.05) . Group B and control group still had no statistical differences(p>0.05).All the experimental groups and the normal control group did not exist difference at 12 weeks(p<0.05). The new bone area (%)comparison of experimental groups: Group A and group B were significant difference (P<0.05) after two weeks, but the significant difference disappeared (P>0.05)at 4 and 8 weeks. Group A compared with the group C was no significant difference (P>0.05) at 2, 4 weeks,but the difference appeared at 8 weeks(P<0.05). Group C and group B had significant difference (P<0.05)at 2, 4, 8 weeks, the percentage of new bone area of all experimental groups did not exist difference (P>0.05) at 12 weeks.Conclusions:①PRP could speed up alveolar regeneration bone and promote it healing.②The PRP/nano-HA composite material with the ability of bone conduction and bone induction could repair experimental alveolar bone defect and promote bone regeneration.③Nano-HA alone for the filling of the alveolar bonehad showed no good osteogenic effect, so the further research and feasibility studies were necessary.④The osteogenic mechanism of PRP still needed to be further explored.
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