The Effect Of High-altitude Environment On Cognitive Function Of Rats After Sleep Deprevation

Effect of cognitive function of Rats after Sleep Deprivation in high-altitude environmentObjective:To instigative the effect of high-altitude environment on cognitive function of Wistar rats in Sleep Deprivation (SD).Methods:SD was induced in Wista rats by employing "flower pot" technique. The 64 rats were randomly divided into four groups according to the time of SD(0-5 d), and every group was also divided into two subgroups:Kekexili group and Lanzhou group. The behaviors of rats were studied in Morris maze test at given time. Record the escape latency, distance exploration, swimming path to find the hidden platform and the times across plot in 120 s.Results:The escape latency of 1 d,3 d,5 d groups were 31.38±5.33 S,40.59±4.46 s,49.69±7.93 s in Kekexili groups and 24.18±5.17 s,34.19±4.72 s,41.43±6.78 s in Lanzhou groups. The distance exploration of 1 d,3 d,5 d groups were 6.67±0.59 m, 8.73±0.81 m,10.20±0.82 m in Kekexili groups and 5.88±0.61 m,7.62±0.83 m, 8.91±0.52 m in Lanzhou groups. The times across plot of 1 d,3 d,5 d groups were 3.88±0.99,3.75±1.04,3.63±1.06 in Kekexili groups and 5.63±1.06,5.50±1.20, 5.38±1.06 in Lanzhou groups. As compared with those of the Lanzhou groups, the escape latency of Kekexili groups increased in 1 d,3 d and 5 d(P<0.05), and the ability of distance exploration of Kekexili groups prolonged in 1 d,3 d and 5 d(P<0.05). The difference reached the climax in 5 d(P<0.01).The times across plot decreased in 1 d,3 d and 5 d(P<0.01).Conclusion:High-altitude environment may have significant influence on cognitive function of rats in SD. SD may have significant influence on cognitive function of rats. mazePartⅡThe expression of 5-HT,BDNF and ultrastructure changes of rats after Sleep Deprivation in high-altitude environmentObjective:To instigative the expression of 5-HT, BDNF and the ultrastructure in hippocampus of Wistar rats after Sleep Deprivation (SD) in high-altitude environment.Methods:SD was induced in Wista rats by employing "flower pot" technique. The 80 rats were randomly divided into four groups according to the time of SD(0-5 d), and every group was also divided into two subgroups:Kekexili group and Lanzhou group. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the contentrition of 5-HT and BDNF in hippocampus. Then ultrastructure of hippocampal neurons was observed by electron microscope.Results:1. The OD of 5-HT of c,1 d,3 d,5 d groups were 0.23±0.03,0.27±0.04,0.31±0.02, 0.35±0.02 in Kekexili groups and 0.20±0.02,0.22±0.02,0.25±0.02,0.29±0.02 in Lanzhou groups. As compared with those of the Lanzhou groups, the content of 5-HT increased in c,1 d (P<0.05) and 3 d and 5 d(P<0.01). The content of 5-HT increased after SD in both Kekexili groups and Lanzhou groups.2. The number of positive cells of BDNF of c,1 d,3 d,5 d groups were 42.75±6.04, 68.25±7.32,107.47±9.33,110.27±8.94 in Kekexili groups and 36.37±4.44,51.63±6.21, 76.49±6.37,73.36±7.38 in Lanzhou groups. As compared with those of the Lanzhou groups, the content of BDNF increased in c,l d (P<0.05) and 3 d and 5 d(P<0.01). The content of BDNF increased after SD in both Kekexili groups and Lanzhou groups.3. Changes in the ultrastructure of hippocampus were obvious in Kekexili groups as compared with the Lanzhou groups. Conclusion:High-altitude environment may increased the expression of 5-HT and BDNF in hippocampus of rats after SD. There was close correlation between the cognitive disorders and the expression of 5-HT, BDNF and the changes in the ultrastructure of hippocampal.PartⅢEffects of ginsenoside Rd on cognitive function of Rats after Sleep Deprivation in high-altitude environmentObjective:To instigative the effect of ginsenoside Rd on cognitive function and the content of BDNF in hippocampus of Wistar rats during SD in high-altitude environment.Methods:SD was induced in Wistar rats by employing "flower pot" technique. The 64 rats were randomly divided into four groups according to the time of SD(0-5 d), and every group was also divided into two subgroups:experimental group and control group. The behaviors of rats were studied in Morris maze test at given time. Record the escape latency, distance exploration, swimming path to find the hidden platform and the times across plot in 120 s. Then immunohistochemistry was used to detect the contentrition of BDNF in hippocampus.Results:1. The escape latency of 1 d,3 d,5 d groups were 25.16±4.61 s,32.18±4.46 s,43.73±6.93 s in experimental groups and 30.28±4.17 s,41.13±5.63 s,50.02±5.87 s in control groups. The distance exploration of 1 d,3 d,5 d groups were 5.66±0.68 m,7.28±0.75 m,8.89±0.95 in experimental groups and 6.53±0.63 m,8.53±0.81 m,9.96±1.02 m in control groups. As compared with those of the control groups, the escape latency of experimental groups decreased in 1 d,5 d groups (P<0.05) and 3 d group (P<0.01), the distance exploration of experimental groups decreased in 1 d,5 d groups (P<0.05) and 3 d group (P<0.01). There was no obvious difference in the times across plot between the experimental groups and control groups (P>0.05).2. The number of positive cells of BDNF of 1 d,3 d,5 d groups were 79.51±6.58,131.52±7.18,152.61±9.22 in experimental groups and 68.25±7.32,107.47±9.33, 110.27±8.94 in control groups. As compared with those of the control groups, the content of BDNF of experimental groups increased in 1 d,3 d,5 d groups (P<0.05).Conclusion:Ginsenoside Rd can improve the rat's impairment of cognitive function induced by SD in high-altitude environment via the activation of BDNF in hippocampus.Part IV Effect of Danhong injection on cognitive function of Rats during Sleep DeprivationObjective:To instigative the effect of Danhong injection on cognitive function and the content of glial fibriliary acidic protein (GFAP) in hippocampus of Wistar rats during Sleep Deprivation(SD).Methods:SD was induced in Wistar rats by employing "flower pot" technique. The 72 rats were randomly divided into six groups according to the time of SD(0-5 d), and every group was also divided into two subgroups:experimental group and control group. The behaviors of rats were studied in Morris maze test at given time. Record the escape latency, distance exploration, swimming path to find the hidden platform and the times across plot in 120 s. Then immunohistochemistry was used to detect the contentrition of GFAP in hippocampus.Results:1. The escape latency of 2 d,3 d,4 d,5 d groups were 20.41±2.14 s,21.89±1.00 s, 26.35±1.86 s,34.21±3.28 s in experimental groups and 23.77±2.25 s,27.96±2.81 s, 33.73±3.77 s,40.11±3.30 s in control groups. The distance exploration of 2 d,3 d,4 d,5 d groups were 5.07±0.28 m,5.82±0.28 m,6.61±0.44 m,8.47±0.74 m in experimental groups and 5.60±0.43 m,6.57±0.50 m,7.70±0.64 m,9.44±0.57 m in control groups.As compared with those of the control groups, the escape latency of experimental groups induced in 2,3,4,5 d(P<0.05);The ability of distance exploration of experimental groups induced in 2,3,4,5 d(P<0.05). There was no obvious difference in the times across plot between the experimental groups and control groups (P>0.05).2. The OD of GFAP of 2 d,3 d,4 d,5 d groups were 0.25±0.03,0.29±0.04,0.34±0.03, 0.38±0.03 in experimental groups and 0.21±0.03,0.24±0.03,0.27±0.03,0.31±0.03 in control groups. As compared with those of the control groups, the content of GFAP of experimental groups increased in 2 d,3 d,4 d,5 d (P<0.05).Conclusion:Danhong injection can improve the rat's impairment of cognitive function induced by SD via the activation of astrocyt(AS) in hippocampus.