| Background:Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as glucose intolerance of variable degree with onset or first recognition during pregnancy, which incidence is various from 1% to about 14%.Studies suggest that the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) among women of childbearing age is increasing, and the risk of many complications is directly proportional to the degree of maternal hyperglycemia. At present,there are many investigations about these complications of GDM at home or abroad.With the development of diabetes treatment and obstetric technology, the mortality rate of maternal and fetal, infant with GDM has already decreased.However, GDM has complicated clinical course and many of complications,how to deal with them correctly is still a very important issue in perinatal medicine circle.Objective:This article uses the case-control study,retrospectively compares and analysis the clinical data of study group and control group, to invest the various complications of GDM and their impacts on maternal and child, improve everyone's attention.Methods:A comparative study of 79 cases of GDM patients were enrolled in Qi Lu Hospital of Shandong University from June 2008 to December 2009, and 79 pregnant women without GDM of the same period from the same hospital were enrolled as control. The diagnostic criteria of GDM is more than two of the four blood glucose exceed the OGTT critical values of 5.6 mmol/L,10.3 mmol/L,8.6 mmol/L,6.7 mmol/L for fasting,1 hour,2 hours and 3 hours after respectively. The maternal age,gestational age,and their obstetric complications (preeclampsia,cesarean delivery,polyhydramnios,oligohydramnios,premature rupture of membranes,premature ect), fetal situation (fetal macrosomia,children with low birth weight,fetal distress ect) were recorded. Incidences of the above complications were compared between the two groups by statistical methods, and case-control study were performed. Results:In the GDM group, patients aged from 21～39 years old (29.34±2.63y), gestational age was 28+4～42 weeks(38.13±2.12w). With one case of twin pregnancy, in total 80 babies were born, whose weight range was 1000g～4900g. While in the control group, the patients age ranges was 22～37 years old(28.46±3.58y), gestational age is 34+6-42 weeks (39.08±3.36w). And with two cases of twin pregnancy, a total of 81 babies were born, whose weight range is 1900g～4950g. Both groups had no maternal and newborn deaths. There were no significant difference of maternal age between the two groups (P>0.05). However, the GDM group demonstrated significant lower gestational age than that of the control group (P<0.05). On complications,there were 68 cases of cesarean section^ 4 cases of preeclampsia,8 cases of polyhydramnios and 15 cases of fetal macrosomia occurred in GDM group, whose incidences were all significantly higher than control (P<0.05). Besides,7 cases of oligohydramnios,8 cases of premature,13 cases of premature rupture of membranes,2 cases of children with low birth weight,8 cases of fetal distress occurred in GDM group without significant difference compared with the control group (P>0.05).Conclusion:Gestational diabetes have definite influence on the maternal,fetal and infant, accordingly, enhancement of the screening and potent management of pregnancy, including early detection and well control of blood glucose, is of great importance in reducing complications to maternal and infant.
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