| The essential oil of Perilla frutescens has many pharmacological effects such as antibacterial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, relaxing blood vessels, sedative and analgesic effects, It can be applied in the food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries, and all these fields have broad prospects development. This paper mainly studied the optimization extraction of volatile oil from leaves of Perilla frutescens using ultrasonic wave, the chemical compositions of volatile oil in Perilla leaves by ultrasonic wave assisted extraction and simultaneous distillation extraction. It also analyzed the volatile oil composition in different parts and by different curing treatments (dry salted and wet salted) of Perlla. It aims at providing reference for the development and utilization of Perilla raw materials, especially the volatile oil extraction and composition analysis. The major findings were presented as follows:1 This paper studied the influence of factors of ultrasonic wave power, ultrasonic wave extraction time, ultrasonic wave temperature, liquid/solid ratio on the extraction rate of volatile oil in Perilla leaves using ultrasonic wave by single-factor experiments. On the basis of single-factor experiments, using Box-Benhnken experimental design principle, it optimized the ultrasonic wave extraction of volatile oil through the response surface analysis method. As an indicator of extraction rate, the model obtained produced a satisfactory fitting of the experimental data with regard to volatile oil extraction rate (R2= 0.9936, P<0.0001). The optimum conditions were as follows:ultrasonic wave power of 58W, ultrasonic wave treatment time of 18min, ultrasonic wave treatment temperature of 46℃. Under these conditions, Perilla leaf volatile oil extraction rate was 2.122% on theory. The actual extraction rate was 2.116%. It showed the reliability of the model.2 This paper analyzed the chemical compositions of volatile oil in Perilla leaves using ultrasonic wave extraction and simultaneous distillation extraction(SDE), found that the alkenes, alcohols, aldehydes obtained by ultrasonic wave extraction were less than SDE method, not only in the types but also in the relative content, it was easy to extract alkanes. Thus, despite a greater degree ultrasonic wave extraction can improve the yield of volatile oil, but the quality of volatile oil was not good as simultaneous distillation and extraction.3. This paper analyzed the volatile oil components of Longquan Perilla leaves, stems and roots, found the main components were similar in these parts, include perillaldehyde, D-limonene, trans-Caryphyllene, Trans-Shisool, etc. but the content varied widely. Compositions of stems and leaves were quite similar, mainly include alkenes, aldehydes, alcohols, the only difference was almost no esters, but in the roots more variety of esters, less other components. The volatile oil composition and content emphasis in different parts were different, and also its related pharmacological effects may different.4. This paper studied the effect of different curing methods (dry-cured and wet salted) to volatile oil compositions variety and relatively content, compared to the fresh Perilla leaves, found the dry-cured treatment had good result not only in composition varieties but content than the wet salted treatment.5. This paper studied the volatile oil compositions of Longquan and Huzhou Perilla leaves, found the two main components were Perillaldehyde and D-limonene, and the contents were about 36.41-41.78% and 13.59-14.32%, indicated these two types of volatile oil belonged to the PA and had good value for development.
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