Detection Of Melamine And Its Significance In Related Infant Urinary Calculi

Objective: Measuring infant's urine melamine level who had intaked the milk with melamine and analyzed the related data. To explore and analyze the related factors of melamine milk powder and children urinary system stones. And provide some reference for the future research between the human urinary stone and melamine.Objects: 56 randomly selected subjects from about 2800 cases who accorded our standards. And this cases from about 6000 cases who admitted in our hospital's pediatric between september 2008 to June 2009 and had ingested Sanlu milk daily for more than 3 months.Standards:①0 to 6 years old.②The time of intaking Sanlu milk more than 3 monthes.③Except congenital malformations of urinary system and the disease of renal parenchymal.④Preferring to accept urinary system examine by ultrasonography and urine routine test.⑤Having clear clinical symptoms.⑥Patients or his parents could offer the periods of intaking the milk and stopping intake the milk.⑦Treated according to the treatment guideline from ChineseMinistry of Health.Methods: Examing the cases'urinary system by ultrasongraphy, detectting their melamine levels of urine and testing their urine. And analysis all of the date.Factors:①Age and gender.②The melamine levels of urine.③If had stones and the diameters in this infants'urinary system.④The infants'symptoms and results of urine detect.⑤Prognosis.Statistical analysis:When the melaing level less than 10ng/ml, we assigned the date to 5ng/ml.Measurements data to use the mean value±standard deviation. The statistical method between the two groups compares uses T-test, count data using chi-square test. Two-factor compares uses factorial design. Chi-square test was used to compare ratio, correlation test been done between bivariate. The main data were tested for normality and homogeneity of variance test. P<0.05 has significance for difference. Carries on the statistical analysis using statistical analysis software SPSS13.0.Results:1 General information: There were 39 boys and 26 girls in the 65 patients, age from 3 months to 36 months, and the average age was 33.31±17.82 months. The longest intake Sanlu milk powder period was 46 months and the shortest was 3months, and the average period was 22.71±11.62 months. The stopping intake Sanlu milk powder period was 1095 days and the shortest was 0, and the average period was 103.46±176.04 days.Leucocyturia 4 cases (6.15%), hematuria 11 cases (16.92%), proteinuria 3 cases (4.62%), no cases of kidney failure. In this study, there are 45 cases (69.2%)of children without any symptoms, oliguria and/or frequent urination 13 cases, include abdominal pain 5 cases, poor appetite 4 cases, dysuria (including voiding effort, drops of urine was not a line-shaped) 2cases, and fever 1 case and 20 cases altogether. All the infants received conservative treatment according to the Ministry of Health promulgated the "melamine milk-related infant diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract stones proposal " . Then 19 cases discharged stones in 2 weaks, 24cases in 1 month and 27 in 2months only 2 cases didn't discharged the stones within three months.2 The results show that2.1 The incidence of urinary calculi was no difference between different gender, male and female infant had no difference of melamine levels in their urine.2.2 Melamine in urine of 3 to 6 years old infants less than 3 years old.2.3 Different intake sanlu milk powder times or stopping intake Sanlu milk powder times will have an impact to the melamine levels in urine of infants. And has the interaction between the two factors. The melamine levels of the infants who taking milk powder less than 12 months was less than taking the milk powder longer than 36 months. The melamine in urine of the infants who stopped taking milk powder less than 1 month was more than the other infants.The levels of infants'melaming in urine who stopped taking milk powder in 0.5 to 3 months had relationship with the period of intaking Sanlu milk powder.2.4 Infants'melamine levels in the urine who had urinary calculi was higher than not suffer from stones infants'.2.5 The infants'diameters of stones in their urinary system whoes intaked sanlu milk powder time longer than 36 months was larger than the other's who didn't intake the milk so long time.2.6 There has no relationship between the infants had or hadn't symptoms and their's intaking sanlu milk time.2.7 The results of urine detect had relationship with the melamine levels of infants.2.8 The times of discharging stones has not relation with the melamine levels in infants'urine.Conclusion:1 According to this study we believe considerable melaming intake leaded so much infants with urinary calculi. Although many factors can effect the occurrence of urinary calculi, such as geographical environment, eating habit, metabolism and so on. But this factors can't have great change in so short time, so we can learn the step up of sickness rate of urinary calculi in infants because they intake so much melamine.2 The infants who take milk as staple food would intake more melaming.3 The melaming levels had indiscrimination between different gender.4 The melamine levels will increase with the longer period of intaking the milk.5 Melaming excretes velocitily in human body.6 Intaking more melamine infants will have larger chance to have biger stone, urinary system injury and anorma results of the urine routine test. 7 There has not visible relationship beween symptoms and melamine levels.8 The melamine-related infant urinary calculi is eusemiaed after treatment.