| Objective: Ovarian cancer is the most common tumor in female reproductive system, its morbidity is the second in gynecology malignant tumor, however, its mortality rate is the first. It has the most histological types in primary tumor of the whole body. It is divided into four types according to histologic origin,which includes epithelial tumors, sex-cord stromal tumors, germ-cell tumors and metastatic tumors. The epithelial ovarian tumor can be divided into benign, borderline, malignant tumor, in which about 90% is malignant tumor. The early symptoms are not characteristic, so about 70% patients are often already advanced ovarian cancer when seeing a doctor. The recurrence rate is still very high after surgery and chemotherapy. Five-year survival rate is only about 20-30%. Therefore, it is necessary to search for a specific marker of epithelial ovarian tumors in order to diagnose the disease in earlier time.Galectin-3, a member of galectins family, is aβ- palactosyl glycoside binding protein, and it has many biological functions,such as cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion, cell growth, inflammatory reaction, immune regulation and neoplastic invasion, metastasis. Matrix Matelloprotein-9 (MMP-9) can degrade the protein component of extracellutar matrix. It also plays an important role in invasion and metastasis of malignant tumor.In this study, we calculated the positive expression rate of Galectin-3 and MMP-9 in epithelial ovarian cancer,borderline ovarian tumor and benign ovarian tumor by immunohistochemical SP two-step and evaluated their significance according to the different histological grades and clinical stage of epithelial ovarian tumor. We try to study the correlation of the positive expression rate of Galectin-3 and MMP-9 in epithelial ovarian cancer, in order to provide experimental basis for the diagnosis of epithelial ovarian tumor. Methods:1 The choice of specimen:We selected 75 cases fresh specimen of epithelial ovarian tumor. It was fixed by 10% formalin.They were all confirmed by pathology.There are 12 cases benign ovarian cystadenoma,18 cases borderline ovarian cystadenoma and 45 cases epithelial ovarian cancer. All the cases of epithelial ovarian tumor was not treated by anti-cancer therapy.2 The determination method of Galectin-3 and MMP-9 expression: A: rate according to the dyeing strength: 0 mark is colourless, 2 marks is yellow or white yellow, 3 marks is brown or sepia; B :rate according to the number of positive cells: 0 mark is negative,1 mark is the positive cells number less than 10%, 2 marks is that the percentage of positive cells between 11% and 50%, 3marks is that the percentage of positive cells between 51% and 75% , 4 marks is the positive cells number more than 75%. Every dyeing grade equal A multiply B. If the grade is more than 3 marks, we consider it positive.3 The measurement of Galectin-3 and MMP-9: The specimen that fit the standard was embedded by paraffin. All of them were made into 4μm slices. The Galectin-3 and MMP-9 expression were measured in immunohistochem- istry. We counted the number of positive cells according to above rating method.4 Histological grade and clinical stage: The pathological histological grade was divided into three grades.They are high differentiation, moderate differentiation and low differentiation. There are three stages according to FIGO clinical stage. The primary stage is that the tumor is confined to the ovary(one side or two sides). The secondary stage is that tumor located in one side or two sides of ovary with pelvic spread. The tertiary stage is that tumor located in one side or two sides of ovary with the peritoneal micromatastasis confirmed under microscope.The fourth stage is that tumor is transferred to the distant site of body.Results:1 Galectin-3 and MMP-9 mainly existed in the tumor cells cytoplasm, less expressed in the cell nucleus and membrane. 2 The results showed the positive expression rate of Galectin-3 in epithelial ovarian cancer was 88.89%. The positive expression rate of Galectin-3 in borderline ovarian cystadenoma was 61.11%. And the positive expression rate of Galectin-3 in benign ovarian cystadenoma was 16.77%. The difference between serous cystadenocarcioma and borderline ovarian tumor was significant(P<0.05). The difference between serous cystadenocarcioma and epithelial ovarian cancer was significant(P<0.05). The difference between borderline ovarian tumor and epithelial ovarian cancer was statistically significant(P<0.05). The positive expression rate of Galectin-3 in mucinous cystadenocarcinoma and serous cystadenocarcinoma were 66.67% and 80.56%. The difference between them was not significant(P>0.05).3 The positive expression rate of MMP-9 in benign ovarian cystadenoma , borderline ovarian cystadenoma and epithelial ovarian cancer were 25%,66.77% and 82.22%. The difference between serous cystadenocarcioma and borderline ovarian tumor is significant(P<0.05). The difference between serous cystadenocarcioma and epithelial ovarian cancer was significant(P<0.05). The difference between borderline ovarian tumor and epithelial ovarian cancer was statistically insignificant(P>0.05).4 We analysed the Galectin-3 positive expression in 45 cases with epithelial ovarian cancer classified by histological grade and clinical stage. The expression of low differentiation was higher than that of high differentiation .The difference was significant(P<0.05). The difference between high differentiation and moderate differentiation was not significant. The difference between moderate differentiation and low differentiation was not significant. The expression of Galectin-3 in the tertiary and fourth stage was significantly higher than the primary stage(P<0.05). The difference between the first stage and the secondary stage was not significant. Also the difference between the secondary stage and the later period was not significant.5 We analysed the MMP-9 positive expression in 45 cases with epithelial ovarian cancer classified by histological grade and clinical stage. The expression of low differentiation was higher than that of high differentiation .The difference was significant(P<0.05). The difference between high differentiation and moderate differentiation was not significant. The difference between moderate differentiation and low differentiation was not significant. The expression of MMP-9 in the tertiary and fourth stage was significantly higher than the primary stage(P<0.05). The difference between the first stage and the secondary stage was not significant. Also the difference between the secondary stage and the later period was not significant.6 There are 20 cases which positively expressed Galectin-3 and MMP-9 in the same specimen during 45 cases epithelial ovarian cancer. The percentage of positive cells was described by scatter point diagram. After the linear correlation analysis, we concluded that the positive expression of Galectin-3 and MMP-9 was linear related with each other. The Pearson coefficient was 0.888.Conclusion:1 The positive expression of Galectin-3 and MMP-9 were correlated to histological tissue type. With the increase of malignant degree, the expression of the two index gradually rised. The expression of Galecin-3 and MMP-9 in epithelial ovarian cancer were significantly higher than those in benign and borderline ovarian tumor.2 The positive expression of Galectin-3 and MMP-9 were correlated to histological grade and clinical stage. With the increase of histological grade and clinical stage, the positive expression of the two index gradually rised.3 The expression of Galectin-3 and MMP-9 in epithelial ovarian cancer was correlated with each other.. The upregulation of Galectin-3 and upexpression of MMP-9 were linear correlated with each other. Therefore, they played an important role in invasion and metastasis of epithelial ovarian cancer. They can be used as early diagnosis prognosis index of epithelial ovarian cancer.
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