Pathogenesis Factors Analysis Of Chronic Kidney Disease Among People Undergoing Physical Examination In Yuzhong District, Chongqing

Objective:To investigate the incidence and the risk factors of chronic kidney disease(CKD) in people undergoing physical examination in Yuzhong district , Chongqing, in order to provide earlier prevention and treatment of CKD.Methods:The medical characteristics of 991 subjects in Yuzhong district, Chongqing were analysed . All of the 991 subjects were performed physical examination in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from September 2010 to December 2010. The medical characteristics included name, gender, age , BP(blood pressure), laboratory tests [e.g. FBG(fasting blood-glucose), urine test, blood fat(cholestrrol, trigly ceride), BUN(serum blood urea nitrogen), Scr(serum creatinine) and UA(blood uric acid)], renal ultrasound examination(e.g. nephrolithiasis,renal cyst) , and past history.All of the 991 persons were tested for proteinuria ; morning spot urine dipstick of hematuria (abnormal 1+ or greater) was confirmed by urine microscopy(abnormal>3 red blood cells/HP); Modified simplified MDRD equation for Chinese adult was applied to estimated GFR[abnormal<60ml/(min·1.73 m2)]. Positive proteinuria, hematuria, reduced eGFR were considered markers of kidney damage.All analyses and calculations were performed using SPSS 17.0 software. Measurement data in mean and standard error were presented. Numeration data were analysed by the chi-square test. A P<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Age was modeled as a categorical variable(20 to 39y, 40 to 59 y, 60 y or older). The associations among demographic characteristics (e.g.age gender), health characteristics (e.g.diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, hyperuricemia, nephrolithiasis , renal cyst) and indicators of kidney damage were examined by logistic regression. A P< 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Result: Data of 991 subjects were enrolled in the study. Of the 991 persons,449 (45.3%) were male and 542(54.7%) were female . The sex ratio of 991 subjects was 0.83:1. The average age was 47.12±15.27y. Among all the 991 subjects, 15.2% had hypertension, 7.2% had diabetes mellitus, 20.1% had hyperuricemia, 17.8% had hypercholesterolemia, 39.7% had hypertriglyceridemia. Nephrolithiasis was detected in 1.6% of subjects,renal cyst in 5.5% and other abnormalities of renal ultrasound examination in 0.8% . Proteinuria was detected in 4.4% of subjects, hematuria in 2.3%, reduced eGFR in 2.6%. Apart from the repetition among proteinuria, hematuria and reduced eGFR, 7.3% of 991 persons had at least one indicator of kidney damage, of which 3.33% were at stage 1, 1.31% at stage 2, 2.52% at stage 3, 0 at stage 4, 0.1% at stage 5. Age, diabetes mellitus and hypertension were independently associated with CKD(P<0.05).Conclusion: 7.3% of all the people undergoing physical examination(age≥20years), had at least one indicator of kidney damage. The incidence was lower than the prevalance of CKD in other cities of China and developed countries. Maybe it was related to the difference of the sample. Independent risk factors associated with kidney damage were age,diabetes mellitus , and hypertension.