| Objective:To investigate the status of psychological symptoms and subjective well-being,and the influencing factors among people undergoing physical examination during COVID-19（Corona Virus Disease 2019）based on the stress process theory,which could provide empirical research support for identifying and reducing people’s psychological symptoms and improving their subjective well-being.Methods:A convenient sampling method was adopted to conduct a questionnaire survey among the people undergoing physical examination in a large general hospital in Shandong Province from April to October,2020.A total of 521 valid questionnaires were collected.The survey instruments include the general information questionnaire,Symptom Checklist 90（SCL-90）,Subjective Well-Being Scale（SWB）,Self-rating Stress Questionnaire（SSQ-53）,Perceived Social Support Scale（PSSS）,Chinese-Meaning in Life Questionnaire（C-MLQ）,Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire（SCSQ）and Big Five Personality Questionnaire（BFI-44）.SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 23.0 software were used to analyze the data.The main statistical methods include:descriptive analysis,independent sample test,one-way analysis of variance,Pearson correlation analysis,hierarchical linear regression analysis,and path analysis.Results:1.The general information of the participantsA total of 521 subjects were included in this study,including 253 males,266 females and 2 missing value.The distribution range of age was 14-75 years old,with an average of 36.38±9.06 years old.For Marital status,the married participants accounted for 76%,and for education status,bechalor and master degree above accounted for 51.8%and 25.7%,respectively.The residence location of urban accounted for 67.8%,and the working units were enterprises and public institutions accounted for 63.9%and 24.8%,respectively.2.Psychological symptoms and subjective well-being of people undergoing physical examinationIn this study,the total score of SCL-90 in people undergoing physical examination was 119.33±30.02,and the average scores of each dimension from high to low were obsessivecompulsive（1.51±0.47）,interpersonal sensitivity（1.39±0.43）,hostility（1.34±0.44）,depression（1.34±0.42）,anxiety（1.31±0.37）,somatization（1.29±0.36）,psychoticism（1.25±0.32）,paranoid ideation（1.22±0.35）,and terror（1.17±0.27）.The total score of subjective well-being was 84.03±13.08,and the average scores of each dimension were as follows:energy（19.06±4.33）,relaxation and tension（18.69±4.03）,melancholy or happy mood（17.16±3.28）,control of emotion and behavior（13.45±2.12）,worry about health（7.88±3.12）,satisfaction and interest in life（7.80±1.93）.3.Single factor analysis of psychological symptoms and subjective well-being in people undergoing physical examinationThere were no significant differences in the total scores of SCL-90 among the participants with different gender,age groups,educational level and marital status.There were significant differences in different locations of the residence（t=-2.491,P=0.013）and the work units（F=4.398,P=0.013）.The total score of SCL-90 was positively correlated with neuroticism（r=0.49,P<0.01）,self-assessment pressure（r=0.87,P<0.01）and negative coping（r=0.15,P<0.01）,while negatively correlated with extraversion（r=-0.29,P<0.05）,agreeableness（r=-0.26,P<0.05）,sense of responsibility（r=-0.36,P<0.05）,openness（r=-0.12,P<0.05）,sense of meaning of life（r=-0.25,P<0.05）,positive coping（r=-0.28,P<0.05）and perceived social support（r=-0.44,P<0.05）.The total score of subjective well-being had no significant difference in different gender and educational levels,but had significant differences in different age groups（F=7.186,P<0.01）,marital status（t=-2.859,P<0.01）,residence locations（t=2.088,P<0.05）and work units.The total scores of subjective well-being of people aged ≥50 years old was the highest,and the subjective well-being of people with married status,urban residence,and enterprises and public institutions（F=3.669,P<0.05）was higher.The total score of subjective well-being was positively correlated with extraversion（r=0.35,P<0.01）,agreeableness（r=0.33,P<0.01）,responsibility（r=0.38,P<0.01）,openness（r=0.14,P<0.01）,sense of meaning of life（r=0.31,P<0.01）,positive coping（r=0.25,P<0.01）and perceived social support（r=0.49,P<0.01）,while significantly negatively correlated with neuroticism（r=-0.62,P<0.01）,self-assessment pressure（r=-0.69,P<0.01）,and negative coping（r=-0.23,P<0.01）.4.Stratified linear regression analysis of psychological symptoms and subjective wellbeing in people undergoing physical examinationStratified linear regression analysis showed that responsibility（β=-0.064,P<0.05）and.perceived social support（β=-0.066,P<0.05）were negatively correlated with the total scores of SCL-90.Neuroticism（β=-0.074,P<0.05）and self-assessment pressure（β=0.752,P<0.05）were significantly positively correlated with the total scores of SCL-90.Neuroticism（β=0.276,P<0.05）,self-assessment pressure（β=-0.430,P<0.05）and negative coping（β=0.108,P<0.05）were negatively correlated with subjective well-being,and perceived social support（β=0.163,P<0.05）was positively correlated with subjective well-being.5.Mechanisms of neuroticism,self-assessment pressure,negative coping and perceived social support on subjective well-beingThe results of structural equation model showed that neuroticism could significantly increase self-assessment pressure（β=0.46,P<0.01）,increase negative coping（β=0.24,P<0.01）,reduce perceived social support（β=-0.38,P<0.01）and subjective well-being（β=0.32,P<0.01）,while self-assessment pressure and negative coping significantly reduce subjective well-being（β=-0.46,β=-0.08,P<0.01）,and perceived social support significantly increase subjective well-being（β=0.16,P<0.01）.self-assessment pressure,negative coping and perceived social support mediated the relationship between neuroticism and subjective well-being.The direct effects of neuroticism,self-assessment pressure,negative coping and perceived social support on subjective well-being（95%confidence interval）were0.324（-0.391,-0.257）,-0.463（-0.533,-0.398）,-0.080（-0.137,-0.018）and 0.164（0.105,0.226）,respectively.The indirect effect of neuroticism on subjective well-being（95%confidence interval）was-0.293（-0.338,-0.244）.Conclusion:1.This study found that the total score of psychological symptoms among the people undergoing physical examination during the outbreak of COVID-19 was at a low level while subjective well-being was at a high level which indicated a good status of mental health.2.The influencing factors of psychological symptoms included sense of responsibility,neuroticism,self-assessment pressure and perceived social support.The influencing factors of subjective well-being included neuroticism,self-assessment pressure,negative coping and perceived social support.3.Self-assessment pressure,negative coping and perceived social support play a partial mediating role in the relationship between neuroticism and subjective well-being. |
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