Research On The Organics Concentrated From Dringking Water In Wuhan City And Its Effects On Genetoxicity

Though the economy and industry develops dramatically after the reform and opening-up, the drinking water which is closely related to public health is contaminated. The organic pollution is the most serious problem in drinking water pollution, which has potential menace towards public health. Many epidemiological investigations and experimental studies demonstrated that the drinking water through the chlorination disinfection processing contained genotoxic organic pollutants. Organic compounds must be concentrated before chemical detection and toxicological studies for the varieties of organic compounds and their low concentration (μg/L, ng/L) in drinking water. Macroporous adsorption resin is usually used to concentrate organic compounds from water. However, most researchers only use single type of resins to concentrate the organic compounds from drinking water. The typies of organic compounds concentrated by different resins exist differences. Consequently, it may exist some bias to assess the situation of water hygiene and toxicology by using a single type of resin to concentrate organic compounds. Besides, comparing the toxic differences of organics among different water sources and different hydrology periods, the concentration efficiencies were little considered during the former researches. The toxic data among each group is lack of commeasurability due to their different concentration efficiencies.In present study, Amberlite XAD-2 resin, XAD-8 resin and composite resin with equal proportion of XAD-2 and XAD-8 were used to concentrate organic compounds from tap water of Wuhan Yangtze River and Han River water source. The concentrated organic compounds were detected by GC/MS and the typies of organic compounds were compared. The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of organic compounds concentrated from tap water were assessed by MTT and comet assay in the HepG2 cells. Concentration performance of these three kinds of XAD resins comprehensively evaluated by GC/MS and toxicological data. Through our study, concentrating organic compounds by composite resins were more comprehensive and accurate reflection of the hygiene situation of water than single type of resins. We also used the XAD-2/8 composite resins to concentrate the organic compounds from tap water of Wuhan Yangtze River and Han River water source at ample flow and low water season. We used single cell gel electrophoresis to explore the effect of DNA damage induced by organic compounds in HepG2 cells and compare the genotoxicity of organic compounds concentrated from tap water of Wuhan Yangtze River and Han River water source at ample flow and low water season. In additon, the organic compounds also were detected by GC/MS and the typies of organic compounds were compared among different water samples. Refering to some screening methods about prior control chemicals at home and abroad, the prior control chemicals were estalished according to the high frequency and the toxicity of the organic compounds. So as to provide more reliable data and evidences for monitoring and investigation of Han River and the Yangtze River water pollution as well as evaluation of dringking water hygiene. Part I Research on technique of composite macroporous resins concentrating organic compounds from dinking waterAmberlite XAD-2 resin, XAD-8 resin and composite resin with equal proportion of XAD-2 and XAD-8 were used to concentrating organic compounds from tap water of Wuhan Yangtze River and Han River water source. Water samples before and after through the resins columns were monitored by UV spectrophotometry at 254nm to control concentrating efficiency. The organic compounds from tap water of Wuhan Yangtze River and Han River water source were concentrated by solid-phase extraction (SPE) and detected by GC/MS and compared the typies of organic compounds. The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of organic compounds concentrated from tap water were assessed by MTT and comet assay in the HepG2 cell. The results of GC/MS showed that the typies of organic compouds concentrated by polar resin XAD-8 (the Han River 72 typies; the Yangtze River 50 typies) were more than non-polar resin XAD-2 (the Han River 43 typies; the Yangtze River 39 typies), while the typies of organic compounds concentrated by the composite resin XAD-2/8 (the Han River 110 typies; the Yangtze River 79 typies) were full-scale and nearly included the other two types of resins. The results of MTT showed that, the cytotoxicity of organic compounds concentrated by XAD-8 were stronger than the non-polar resin XAD-2 at dose of 10,30,50 and 100ml/ml regardless of the Han River or Yangtze River as a water source (p<0.05); The cytotoxicity of organic compounds concentrated by XAD-2 were inferior than the composite resin XAD-2/8 at dose of 100ml/ml of the Han River and 10,30,50 and 100ml/ml of the Yangtze River as a water source(p<0.05); The cytotoxicity of organic compounds concentrated by XAD-8 were stronger than the composite resin XAD-2/8 at dose of 30,50, 100ml/ml of the Han River and 50 and 100ml/ml of the Yangtze River as a water source(p<0.05). The results of comet assay showed that, the genotoxicity of organic compounds concentrated by XAD-8 were stronger than the non-polar resin XAD-2 at dose of 1,10 and 30ml/ml regardless of the Han River or Yangtze River as a water source (p<0.05); The genotoxicity of organic compounds concentrated by XAD-2 were inferior than the composite resin XAD-2/8 at dose of 1,10 and 30ml/ml of the Han River and 1 and 30ml/ml of the Yangtze River as a water source(p<0.05); The genotoxicity of organic compounds concentrated by XAD-8 were stronger than the composite resin XAD-2/8 at dose of 10 and 30ml/ml of the Han River and 10 and 30ml/ml of the Yangtze River as a water source(p<0.05). The results demonstrated the kinds of organic compounds concentrated by single type of resin were incomplete, moreover, the toxicology of organic compounds was different between single type of resin and the composite resins. Organic compounds concentrated by composite resins were more accurately representative of the actual situation of toxicology with the full range of organic compounds enrichment. Therefore, it is more accurately to assess the hygiene situation of tap water by the composite resins.Part II Research on DNA damage of HepG2 cells induced by organic compounds concentrated from dinking water of Wuhan CityXAD-2/8 composite resins were used to concentrate with equal proportion organic compounds from tap water of Wuhan Han River and Yangtze River water source at ample flow and low water season. DNA damage of HepG2 cells induced by organic compounds were explored by single cell gel electrophoresis. We compared the genotoxicity of organic compounds concentrated from tap water of Wuhan Yangtze River and Han River water source at ample flow and low water season. The results showed that, after HepG2 cells exposure to organic compounds for 24h, the OTM induced by organics was higher than that of vehicle control group(p<0.05) and there was a good dose-dependent relationship. In the same hydrology time, the genotoxicity of organic compounds at dose of 10 and 30ml/ml in Han river was stronger than that in Yangtze river (p<0.05); while at the same water source, the genotoxicity of organic compounds at dose of 10 and 30ml/ml in low water season was stonger than that at ample flow season (p<0.05).PartⅢSpectrum analysis on organic compounds concentrated from drinking water of Han and Yangtze river as resource in Wuhan CityXAD-2/8 composite resins were used to concentrate organic compounds from tap water of Wuhan Han River and Yangtze River water source at ample flow and low water season. The organic compounds were detected by GC/MS and the typies of organic compounds were compared among different water samples. The results of GC/MS showed that, the amount of organic compounds decteted in tap water of Han river resource at ample flow and low water season is 110 and 102 respectively; the amount of organic compounds decteted in tap water of Yangtze river resource at ample flow and low water season is 79 and 95 respectively. The major kinds of organic compounds are Diolefine, Alkene, Halogenated hydrocarbon, Ester and Phthalate. This study indicated that the tap water of Han and Yangtze river were polluted by organic matters, forthermore, the pollutants type was complex and originated widely, which should arouse governmnet and people's attention...