| ObjectiveTo make the related anatomical research on the factors causing cubital tunnel syndrome, in order to provide detailed anatomical basis for the treatment of cubital tunne syndrome; To understand the branchs of ulnar nerve in the elbow pipe and the origin, course and distribution of its nutrient vessels, so as to provide anatomical basis for the advancement of the ulnar nerve on clinical surgery, to protect its concomitant vessels.Materials and Methods32 dry specimens of the humerus were selected, left 16 and right 16. 20 cases of upper limb adult pecimens fixed with 10% formalin were selected,including 12 males and 8 females . 9 cases of fresh adult cadavers were selected,including 5 males and 4 females.1. Measured the length, breadth, depth of ulnar nerve groove and epicondylar breadth of 32 dry humera, including left 16 and right 16.2. Anti-corrosion upper limb specimens general anatomied,cut the skin,superficial fascia, deep fascia and muscle layeredly , dissected the ulnar nerve. .Measured and calculated the length and width of elbow dissected during 29 specimens (male 17,female 12),also measured and calculated the depth of cubital tunnel middle parts of ulnar nerve.3. 20 cubituses of adult cadavers were disseeted. The depth of the cubital tunnel and the ulnar nerve at the elbow were observed,the extensions of the ulnar nerve during passive elbow flexion were measured.4. 20 cases of adult body were dissected and observed, the length of posterior wall of cubital were measured, incised the posterior wall of cubital tunnel more forward ulnar nerve and measured the maximum distance.5. The vascular supply of the ulnar nerve was studied and measured in 29 adult cadaver upper limb specimens. Additionally,the clinical surgical procedure was imitated in 2 adult fresh-frozen cadaver upper limb specimens.Results1. The length of humeral ulnar nerve groove in dry specimens was: left 23.34±3.52 mm,right 23.18±3.72mm; The breadth of humeral ulnar nerve groove in dry specimens was: left 13.14±2.56mm, right 13.18±2.74mm; The depth of humeral ulnar nerve groove in dry specimens was: left 7.95±0.76 mm,right side 7.92±0.86 mm.2. The length of elbow in dry specimens was: man 24.00±4.12mm,female 22.10±4.41mm; The breadth of elbow in specimens: man 6.12±0.82mm,female 6.08±0.96 mm; The depth of middle elbow in specimens was: man 5.24±1.12,female 5.18±1.42 mm.3. The ulnar nerve was lengthened by 6.6 per cent from neutral to full flexion, When the degrees of elbow flexion was over 90 degrees,the extension of the ulnar nerve was only 0.8 per cent.4. The length of posterior wall was 18.74±2.52 mm (male),18.48±2.72 mm (female); the maximum moving distance was 15.55±3.00 mm (male), 14 .20±3.90 mm.5. There are three major arteries to supply the ulnar nerve at the elbow region; the superior ulnar collateral artery,the inferior ulnar collateral artery,the posterior ulnar recurrent artery. The initial diameter of the three arteries were 1.8±0.5 mm,1.4±0.3mm and 1.8±0.4 mm; The vertical distance to the ulnar nerve were 15.1±4.2 mm, 24.6±7.2 mm,and 17.8±5.6 mm; The distances from arterial origin to the medial were 141.0±26.0 mm, 45.2±1.4 mm and 62.0±4.2 mm, espectirvely. The distance between main issue of the location to the location into the ulnar nerve were 145.0±4.3 mm,48.6±8.2mm, 65.2±9.3 mm. The support and muscle branch of ulnar nerve at the elbow joint issued were 1~3 sticks.Conclusions 1. All of ulnar nerve in the elbow tube is embed in ulnar nerve radialis. It is embed tightly to facilitate developping elbow tube syndrome. Repeated traction and compression on the ulnar nerve during elbow flexionand extension is the anatomical foundation of ulnar nerve compression at the elbow.2. When cubital tunnel syndrome are treating by operation, if the length inision in posterior wall is 15.7~21.8 mm, the moving distance is 14.2~15.5mm,it could not be increase nerve tension post operation3. It is out of question to preserve the blood supply following anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve in the elbow region.
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