| Momordica charantia L. has the medical and edible value, which is widely used in the treatment of diabetes in Asia. The previous researches on the bioactivities of Momordica charantia L. were only focus on the extraction and bioactivity such as Momordica charantia L. fruit and seed, while neglecting the research of Momordica charantia L.bleeding sap. Momordica charantia L. bleeding sap refers to the sap collected from the cut stem of Momordica charantia L.. Since it is collected after the harvest of Momordica charantia L., it can be an excellent way to make full use of the resources.Based on Momordica charantia L. bleeding sap and Momordica charantia L. fruit juice as raw materials, the research adopts freeze-drying technology to make Momordica charantia L. bleeding sap and Momordica charantia L. fruit juice into powder. Then the composition of Momordica charantia L. bleeding sap and its antioxidant activity, hypoglycemic activity, and hypoglycemic mechanism are studied. The main contents and results are presented as follows:(1) The chemical analysis is carried out to analyze the composition of Momordica charantia L. bleeding sap, and ICP-AES is applied to the determination of some mineral element content. The results show that in the bleeding sap, soluble solid concentration is 1.9～2.2%o, protein, sugar, phenols are detected; major elements such as K, Ca and trace elements such as Mg, Cu, Zn, Fe, Cr, Se are also detected.(2) Use antioxidant model in vitro to make a research to the antioxidant activity of Momordica charantia L. bleeding sap and Momordica charantia L. fruit juice. The results show that:at the respective concentration of 20 mg/mL and 1.6 mg/mL of Momordica charantia L. bleeding sap and Momordica charantia L. fruit juice, the ability to scavenging the DPPH-is similar to Vc of 0.02 mg/mL; the chelating capacity for ferrous irons is similar to 0.05 mg/mL EDTA-Na2 when the Momordica charantia L. bleeding sap concentration at 10 mg/mL, but Momordica charantia L. fruit juice has no significant effect on the system; at the respective concentration of 20 mg/mL and 15 mg/mL of Momordica charantia L. bleeding sap and Momordica charantia L. fruit juice, inhibition capacity to AGEs are 44.55% and 49.07%.(3) Establish STZ diabetic mice model and make a comparison research on the the hypoglycemic activity between bleeding sap and fruit juice. The dates demonstrate that both Momordica charantia L. bleeding sap and Momordica charantia L.fruit juice could reduce the levels of blood glucose in diabetic mice, and they have no significant difference between each other. The effect of Momordica charantia L. bleeding sap at 450 mg/kg doses of hypoglycemic is better than that of 900 mg/kg.(4) Adopt STZ diabetic mice to study the hypoglycemic mechanism of Momordica charantia L. bleeding sap. The results show that bleeding sap could significantly reduce the levels of blood-fat in diabetic mice, with an increase in hepatic glycogen and insulin content. The pathological sections show Momordica charantia L. bleeding sap could improve the function of pancreas islet tissues, and accelerate the renovation of pancreaticβcells in diabetic mice. The results indicate that bleeding sap can accelerate the repair of pancreatic inletβcells injured by streptozotocin, stimulate the secretion of insulin, increase the synthesis of liver glycogen and regulate blood lipid metabolism so as to reduce blood glucose level of the diabetic mice.(5) Use insulinβcells to study the repairing effect of bleeding sap and test the hypoglycemic mechanism of bleeding sap. The results show that:when 1.5 mmol/L STZ acting inβcells, cells security rate is 75.89%; when the damaged cells are repaired by bleeding sap, the security rate rose significantly; at the concentration of 0.112 mg/mL, the security rate is 95.20%, and the insulin secretion is equivalent to normal group. This result further indicates the hypoglycemic mechanism of bleeding sap is related to the renovation of insulinβcells and the stimulation of insulin secretion. |
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