A Study On American Culture Diplomacy Toward China (1938-1949)

The lack of diplomatic means relying on traditional politics, economics and other hard-power resources has become increasingly prominent in the long term. But diplomatic means relying on education, science and technology, and other soft-power resources can remedy this. The diplomatic means is cultural diplomacy, and the role of the diplomatic interaction between the international behavioral bodies is getting more and more important. Of course, it also more and more get attention. The subtle influence of the way of diplomacy often achieve greater effiency than traditional diplomatic means, and its role is even more than the traditional diplmacy. It is the most effective way to realize the national interests. The American government's cultural diplomacy officially began in the beginning of World Warâ…¡.The common state interests and its own strategic objective were its intrinsic motivation. America's cultural diplomacy toward China effectively supported Chinese Anti-Japanese War, and it played an irreplaceable role for the development of the Chinese society , especially in academic, education, science and technology. Its positive role is the most important. As an independent international agents of equivalence with other countries, China's diplomatic action is of far-reaching significance in China's foreign relations.The current study of America's cultural diplomacy is not enough, so it is very necessary for the historical period during 1938 to 1949 this paper intercepted to examine the history of Sino-Us cultural relations. Therefore, American cultural diplmacy toward China had a great effect on Chinese social development process, and this is what concerns me. Thereby, it can extend the understanding of concepts of traditional diplomacy and has a certain significance in order to accelerate construction of the multiple-layered and omni-directional diplomatic system in China. This article is from culture and cultural diplomacy concept, characteristic and the function; The late 1930s until the late 1940s to the background of America's cultural diplomacy; Content and performance; The influence and enlightenment of America's cultural diplomacy toward China; They are the four aspects for analysis, but I proposed a little my own humble opinion. Accordingly, this paper began with analyses and discusses and were divided into four parts.The first part mainly introduces the basic theory of cultural diplomacy. Clarifying the culture and the basic concept of cultural diplomacy, and their correlations; Analysis of main characteristic and practical function of cultural diplomacy in order to investigate the specific period about American cultural diplomacy toward China.The second part analyzes the backgrounds of America's cultural diplomacy toward China during the late 1930s until the late 1940s. To clear theoretically thoughts origin of America's cultural diplomacy toward China, and clarify the guiding thought of American diplomacy and relationship between them in different periods ; To analyze outline of its overall strategy of America's cultural diplomacy and goals of America's cultural diplomacy toward China and reveal implsion of America's cultural diplomacy toward China.The third part details content and specific performance of America's cultural diplomacy toward China. To focus on the cultural interaction and the specific performance based on government level, which is major part about America's cultural diplomacy toward China; American nongovernmental organizations and individuals'participation to America's cultural diplomatic action is mainly embodied in the US news reporters reported Chinese Anti-Japanese War and voiced support for the Chinese people to win more international sympathy and assistance for China; Additional analysis the special initial contact with the communist party's the liberated areas, which is the concern of America's cultural diplomacy activity.The fourth part analyzes the influence and inspiration of America's cultural diplomacy. They are conclusion through the full-text, which include the double-edged sword effect about America's cultural diplomacy, to trigger for the fluctuation of Chinese intellectual class'emotions and promote Chinese cultural diplomatic abilites. The dialectical analysis about the major effect and enlightenment of America's cultural diplomacy to Chinese society and the humanities development.