The Northern Dynasty Letters Studies

As an important tool for interpersonal communication, correspondence and everyday life, it is also important that we understand the history of life data. The Northern Dynasty letters is that we know the importance of material life, and its rich literature is strong, with research value. But the academic research on the Northern few letters, such as the Ming Zheng He re-compile the "Distinction in the Meeting elected the article" A total of seven hundred and eighty volumes included only 25 letters Northern, Ming Chen Jiru election assessment of the "classical products outside the record" only 8 letters included the Northern, named Xu Lian Qing, Li Jinghao Annotation of the "Six Annotation text burnish" Northern only selected six letters, and so on. In addition, I read the data and found that there has not been devoted to single letters Northern papers. So, I selected as the research object Northern correspondence, letters to the cultural background of the Northern Dynasties, content, artistic features, etc. were discussed.Chapter one Northern ideology and culture and lettersNorthern literature, the strong influence of Confucianism gradually flourished. Buddhism and Taoism with the ups and downs in the national policy of the rulers, while Northern Buddhism and Taoism are more prosperous, integrated with one another when they fight each other, common witness and tell the history of Northern thought and literature, the ideological struggle in Letters can be seen.Northern literature, the strong influence of Confucianism gradually flourished. Buddhism and Taoism with the rulers of the trochaic experienced ups and downs, but also constantly struggles between and integration, common witness and tell the history of Northern thought and literature. After surgery, Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism is the main idea of the Northern Dynasties, and is the focus of Confucianism, has been advocated.Chapter two military lettersNorthern Dynasty a total of 131 letters, more letters Northern military, a total of 66, accounting for about one-third of the total, of which Northern 19, Northern Qi Dynasty 20, Zhou 27 (Xu Ling in the Northern Qi Dynasty for 13). The contents of their letters can be divided into three categories: capitulate crusade to make, as discussed in the hostilities, the court politics as the other letters Xu Ling's 13 single. Capitulate crusade in which there are about 6, about politics on the court 24, the Northern Qi Dynasty politics on the court has 14 letters: Emperor Wu of God "and all your books under Ye" and "and Pengcheng Wang Shushao book," Emperor Wen Xiang "Long the secret and seal the book," Andrew Wang Yanzong "and the king of high-flowing Qi Ren," Wang Sizheng "heavy and Anding Gong Kai please Yingchuan legacy for the Xingtai," Road Song Tour "secret things like Kai Li Zizhen" Wang Xingsi's "good with Wong Sze Nam and the state with all of your book." Zhou politics on the court are: Emperor's "A Li Yuan" and "and TANG book", Yuwen conservation, "and Dr. Chao book", Qiwang Xian's "and high-flowing book," Long Sun Shao Yuan "and the book club homogeneous tree "Shen Hui's" responsibility to designate Mo Chen Yue Zhou Wendi book ", Xue-side" Kai An Dinggong " Five Dynasties and Northern Dynasties, Northern Wei hundred and forty eight years, sixteen years of the Eastern Wei, Western Wei twenty year, twenty-seven years the Northern Qi Dynasty, Northern Zhou twenty-four years, in addition to the Northern Wei Dynasty ruled outside the relatively short time. Social and political instability here, killing and pervasive conspiracy, while the Royal sharp contradictions, the struggle between competing heinous regime, such as Gao Cheng and Hou Jing struggle, Gaocheng Houjing wife killed by the pan , Hou Jing Gao Cheng left for the revenge kill is also the son of the north. This time the war became a central element of the politicians, so there are a lot of letters about the military.Different from previous military and political correspondence, although some letters on a strong military and the Northern State responsibility, more of a different power struggle with intrigue. Northern view of military and political correspondence, such as reading the history of the Northern War.Chapter three interpersonal classNorthern instability, the political situation more chaotic, and some parting face family, friends and relatives to express native country of thought, and some invited on the court, expounding their own attitudes. Interpersonal Communication class on about 44, according to the content can be divided into two categories, and poetry classes and homeland relatives Table Chi Thinking category, the remaining shall be counted as other categories. Table Chi classes and poetry representative Zuhong Xun's "off the books and yang", release wisdom is the "reward North Dai Kui," Wei Zhangxian "re-pro-so book," Yu Xin's "A Zhaowang Qi", GAO Yun's "A Chin case book. " As early as the Eastern Han Dynasty's "Nineteen," there is homesickness for wandering, such as "what the shining moon" "off-line, although the cloud music, better go back spin" I hope that distant relatives to return home; "River of mining Hibiscus" want to wife in the distance early in their hometowns, "also look old Gu township, long way to diffuse vast."If the wandering of the previous thinking on the causes of life, then the homeland of the Northern thought is the cause of political reasons at the time. These letters of non-Zhou people, but for various reasons they were left in the Northern Zhou Dynasty, unable to return home, "Hu Marsh north, the more the nest Nanzhi", but not straightforward homesick and had to borrow relative to communication between friends phase greetings. Yu Xin "Xiao Que and women on behalf of the book," Wang Bao "and Hong Zhou for the book" Thinking is the expression of native country representativeChapter Four Family LettersLetter has always been a long time, and some with the book, such as "Family Instructions," and some remain as testament, such as "broken Ying." Letters is the result of communication between family members, so the more casual for the text, but in every possible way in which care is reflected in the other letters are rare. We can see from the book of home ideas and integrate into their lives.Northern Letter 18 articles, 12 of which the Northern Wei, Northern Qi Dynasty (including the Eastern Wei) 4, Zhou 2. This letter, according to the characteristics embodied in three categories: First, the person will die, his words are good classes. Such letters are mainly testament. Testament is nothing less than the social and family content, which is the essence of life enrichment. Northern testament existing total of about 7. Northern testament about 5, that is, Zhongshan Xi Wang's "to die and know it is written," Cui off the "legacy Pillow Book", the source He "left thinkers that Chile", Cui Xiao-straight "Gu Ming thinkers" Pei Zhi "dying left that philosophers," Li Yan "ring left his son dying rose Ming", Lei Shao's "reform and open up his son left behind." There is a suicide note that Northern Qi Xiao Zhao Di Ko Yin's "death and long-Guang Wang Zhan handwritten." Second, the long-awaited reunion, bittersweet principal is Stephen Owen communication between mother and child care. Third, the earnest teachings, concerns the merit category. Such letters are mainly commandment books, including the Northern Wei Cui Guangshao "Ring of future generations", Yang Chun "commandment descendants," Zhang "commandment thinkers" 3, North Qian De Wang Yanzong "leaving letters in the Shu-Fei Book" (because when it was Zhou prisoner, so this letter is counted as Letters), Lu Qian's "Shi Chen Jishu and distant brother" 2, Zhou Wei far only the "ring world health and other" one. Commandment is generally older to the younger books, such as the Northern Wei Cui Guangshao "Ring of future generations", Yang Chun "commandment descendants," Zhang "commandment thinkers," Wei Yuan "ring world health, etc."; or peer brothers say so, Lu potential as a "brother in Chen Jishu with disabilities mysterious"; or between husband and wife, as Andrew Wang Yanzong the "genetic letters in the Shu Fei book." Most of these letters reflect the concern among family members. Chapter Five characteristics of the Northern and the reasons the art ofcorrespondenceJin Fu Composition showing a distinctive characteristic of the times of Fu become increasingly parallel. Bei Fu has also been a whole literary influence simple in form but also pay attention to not only pay attention to the dual, rhythm and beauty of decorative algae, sentence structure also will change, gradually prose of. There are many such letters to reflect the United States, such as Li Chang's "A Xu Ling book," Zhou Yu "Xiao Que and women on behalf of the book." In addition to influence by the prose, but also taking into account the north and south was the impact of cultural integration, especially in some southern writers into the north of the impact.But pay attention to the beauty of rhetoric is not the mainstream of Northern correspondence, simplicity is the main characteristics of the Northern correspondence. Southern letters with different letters energetic Northern simple, sincere love of nature, for example, with the mother retaining Yuwen Yan Ji communication.