Research On The Predicate-collocation Structure Of The Word "有" In Modern Chinese

Predicate-collocation structure of the word"有"is a relatively special structure in modern Chinese, and this paper focuses on the two kinds of structures:"NP₁ +有+ NP₂ + VP"and"NP₁ +有+ NP₂ + adjective", and follows the rules of the combination of form and meaning,description and explanation. It analyses the two kinds of structures from the syntax, semantics and pragmatics, and makes the characteristics of the compositions forming the two structures clear. This article is divided into six parts:The first part is introduction, which introduces its objects and significance of the research, the scope and methods of the research, the status of research and corpora source.The second part introduces the connotations of predicate-collocation on the word"有". The paper points out that the tightening type of the word"有","有+ VP"structure, and"VP +有"structures are not the very type by identifying the same structures as the predicate-collocation of the word"有", and finally makes clear the connotations and classifications of this structure.The third part analyses the structure of"NP₁ +有+ NP₂ + VP".This paper analyzes characteristics of structure of"NP₁ +有+ NP₂ + VP"in meaning and semantics and pragmatics. It includes"NP₁"which is made up of noun or noun phrases and nominal pronouns,"NP₂"which is constituted of abstract noun, countable nouns and uncountable nouns and VP which is composed of polish rod verbs and non-polish rod verbs, according to the context, some syntactic components can be omitted. This part mainly analyzes the semantic relations between these individual elements, such as possession between"NP₁"and"NP₂", two semantic relationships"agent and recipient"between NP₁ and VP, and the semantic relations of premises, tools, patient, basis, reason between NP₂ and VP. Under certain conditions, the structure of"NP₁+有+ NP₂+VP"can be exchanged with"NP₁+有+NP₂+要+VP","NP₁+有+NP₂+可+VP"and"NP₁+有+VPçš„NP₂". There exist certain implications of semantic components in Semantics. In Pragmatics, the theme and statement of the"NP₁ +有+ NP₂+ VP"structure agree with the subject and predicate, focus on the expression"有+ NP₂+ VP".The fourth part analyses the structure"NP₁ +有+ NP₂+ adjective". This paper argues that "有"means"own or possess"in"NP1 +有NP₂+ adjective"structure,"NP1"and"NP₂"are acted by nominal phrases or verbal phrases. From the people's cognitive psychology and feelings, adjectives can be divided into positive adjectives and negative adjectives. According to the context, the omitted components can be judged in the structure of"NP1 +有+ NP₂+ adjective". If NP₂ is quantifier, we usually use"quantifiers + positive adjectives"to show objective measure in the structure"NP1+有+ quantifiers +adjective". The relationship between"NP1"and"NP₂"is illustrating and being illustrated. When"NP₂"is non-quantifier, the adjectives are usually determined according to the speaker's subjective intentions in the structure of"NP1+有+ NP₂+adjective", either positive or negative meanings. In front of the adjectives, there appears"so or then"these two demonstrative pronouns. The implication of semantic components is not definite implication. In Pragmatics, the theme and statement of the"NP1 +有+ NP₂ + VP"structure agree with the subject and predicate, focus on the adjective and predict the feature degrees of NP₂.The fifth part is the conclusion, which makes a comprehensive summation of this research. We have carried on the thorough investigation to the two structures of the predicate-collocation on the word"有". Firstly we make the connotations of it clear, and then analyze this structure from Syntax, Semantics and Pragmatics in details.