A Study On The Literary Genre Of Natural And Classical In The Criticism On Poets From Superior To Inferiors

Criticism on Poets from Superior to Inferiors was of great significance in the poetry of the Tang Dynasty. The poetic style varied in the Middle and the Late Tang Dynasty, and multitudinous literary genres emerged, so Criticism on Poets from Superior to Inferiors arose at this historical moment. Its emergence was not accidental, but a manifestation of the maturity of the literary genres in the Middle and Late Tang Dynasty. In this book, eighty-four poets in this period were divided into six genres; those were Significant and Moralized, Simple and Refined, Natural and Classical, Weird and Gloomy, Knowledgeable and Grand, Magnificent and Gorgeous. From superior to inferiors, there were four stratifications in each genre, which were masters, proficient poets, accomplished poets and capable poets.However, Criticism on Poets from Superior to Inferiors didn't attracted the eyeball of the later generations, therefore the original manuscript scattered and lose. The earliest version obtainable was compiled from A Note of the Poetry Field in Tang Dynasty by Ji Yougong. The Literary Genre of Natural and Classical, with Li Yi as its representative, ranked the third in the six genres. Its membership includes Su Yu as master; Liu Tian, Qing Sai(a buddhist, or Zhou He),Lu Xiu. Yu Hu, Yang Xunmei, Zhang Ji, Yang Juyuan, Yang Jingzhi, Wu Ke(a buddhist) and Yao He as proficient poets; Fang Gan, Ma Dai, Ren Fan, Jia Dao, Li Xuan, Xiang Si, and Xue Tao as accomplished poets; Liang Yi(a buddhist),Pan Cheng(or Pan Xian),Yu Wuling, ZhanXiong, Wei Zhun, Zhi Ding(a buddhist), Yu Fu, Zhu Qingyu. Document literature was wanting before the 1990s, so the study on Criticism on Poets from Superior to Inferiors was rare in that period. Since then people began the study of this monograph up to now. However. it still deserves to be paid much more attentions.So far, The Literary Genre of Natural and Classical has not come into view. The subject should be well straighten out and generalized.What's the reason maybe that it is a group and no specialized academic works have proposed. This article will mainly talk about The Literary Genre of Natural and Classical and study its reason for background,development and so on. From this we can know that why the group was formed from content,style and so on.The first chapter of Criticism on Poets from Superior to Inferiors overall discussed The Literary Genre of Natural and Classical.First,the first chapter described that Criticism on Poets from Superior to Inferiors is a reference for Zhong Rong's Poetry divided three levels, divided many poets in middle and late Tang Dynasty to different categories and six parties for the poets who had similar artistic style.Then descriped the writer's life thoughts,he called Zhang Wei who wrired Criticism on Poets from Superior to Inferiors,and it's origin of titles of "Subject and object", "burglary", "Shengtang".Finally,this chapter elaborated the meanings and relationships between The Literary Genre of Natural and Classical.The second chapter disscussed the main feature of The Literary Genre of Natural and Classical which dominated by LiYi.This chapter thought"natural state"and"classical style"were aesthetic pursuit of The Literary Genre of Natural and Classical,and their living conditions was that lived on poets.whether literary history of Tang Dynasty or frontier fortress poetry history ,As ruler of The Literary Genre of Natural and Classical,LiYi had unique and important historical position and influence.He played a leading role on the poetry of that moment.The chpter affirmed that LiYi advocated natural and classical style.and passed the natural and classical quality in DaLi dynasty as gene to poets in late Tang dynasty,had a roal in opening this school herald.The third chapter disscussed YaoJia-centerd to poets,around poets in middle and late Tang Dynasty such as Zhou He,Wu Ke,Fang Gan,Ma Dai,Yu Wu Ling,Yu Fu and so on.The writer thought that in the minddle of natural and classic school,Yao Jia were most respected,their luster was from the lofty status of epic poetry, unique life experiences,formating their clean and odd poetry style.The subjects and content of YaoJia poetry groups was similar with YaoJia.They imitated YaoJia,the subjects was narrow,and had little attention to the reality of social life.their portry substance mainly descripted the seclusion life of pure escapism and quiet elegance.They descripted the scene was nuanced,often found surprises in the small place,and frequently used red and green images in the poetry,so that increased the gloss and warmth.Their poetry not only had the side of clean and bringht,but also the side of quiet and odd. From the poetic point of view, averagely the largest number and the most successful of five laws in everyone of YaoJia poetry groupes,they had extensive and far-reaching impact in minddle and late Tang Dynasy.The fourth chapter analyzed Yu Hu,Xiang Si,Ren Fan,Zhu Qing Yu etc. affected by Zhang Ji on poetry,they all learned from Zhang Ji whose poetry had the style of clean and elegant. They had the trace for Zhang Ji in cteating Verse. Particularly reflected in the pursuit for tranquil scene or elegant and new poetry style.they were good at imitating things,the meaning was clear and far-reaching,they won the essence of ZhangJi's poetry writing. In the language style,there was clean and beauty. In the performance practices,rarely using allusions,and reciting it well.In addition, the appendix that the poems about communion and present each other with poems betwwen The Literary Genre of Natural and Classical will placed the end of the article.