Sino-Japanese Diplomatic In Period Of HongXian Monarchy

Yuan Shikai was a historical figure in the end of Qing Dynasty and the beginning of Republic of China. In Yuan's political career, his ups and downs were inextricably linked with Japan, from the period when he stationed in Korea where he started from his contact with the Japanese to the defeat in 1916 Hongxian. 1914-1916 was the planning and implementation of Yuan imperial period. The imperialist powers took a fierce diplomacy toward China on the restoration of Hongxian. Because of different goals, their aggressive attitude towards the issue imperial Yuan were also different. In this period, the outbreak of the First World War period was also the period of Japanese expansionism. World War I changed the imperialist forces in the Far East, European and American powers had to give the Japanese diplomatic initiative. In order to achieve its best interests in China, the attitude of Japan on the Yuan imperial toward was indecisive. In favor of, encouraged, advised, prepared to admit, warnings, exclude all had down, but the unchanged were hostile Yuan-Japanese relations and maintaining its interests in China: When the Yuan had the empire dream, the Japanese encourage him to restore the monarchy; when the monarchy movement did not become clear, they implemented a dual policy; when the monarchy moved into the implementation phase, Japan first took a serious warning to the Yuan government, combining with all imperialism excluding U.S.; when the imperial Yuan abolished, and the fight against imperial Yuan became increasingly active in China, Japanese decided to reverse Yuan. They implemented the ways such as positive support, encouragement Revolutionary Party and the Socialist Party and other cases against the monarchy. Japan, especially during the Yuan period Hongxian, had repeated attitude towards the Sino-Japanese relations, for the reason was that they wanted remove the obstacles on the road of invasion of China and maintain their aggressive interest.Diplomatic Thoughts of Yuan period will not escape the historical environment in which the enemy were stronger and outnumbered, so he implied the late Qing Li's "maintenance diplomacy" and "restrict them" foreign policy. Yuan hated the ambitious offensive of Japan, so he took the use of the contradictions of imperialism in China to consolidate its political power. But the face of the vagaries of Japan and the temptation to be emperor of China, Yuan always compromised and concessed. It also reflects helpless feeling and psychological conflict of an old feudal bureaucratic. Yuan should have insight into the issue of Japan's blowing hot and cold on imperial system, but he was blinded to delusional emperor and set the expense of national interests, he signed the humiliating "twenty-one" with Japan. He ignored the Japanese "suspension emperor" warning, died ashamedly. One of the reason of failure of Hongxian Monarchy was that it went against laws of history, but the major reason was that Yuan was led by Japan's Hongxian backtracking. Yuan, who was good at Machiavellian, had not escaped the deception and playing of Japan.This article discusses the specific evolution of Japan's policy process in the period from the Revolution of 1911 to the death of Yuan Shikai. The article separate the period of the Yuan emperor into three periods: Preparation, public implementation and abolition. The framework of paper is organized basically by time and the change Japan's attitude to Yuan.The paper includes the following sections:The first chapter analyzes the historical origin Yuan-Japanese relations and Japan's attitude towards China's state system, which have been hostile and Japan is in favor of the implementation of the monarchy in China during the Revolution of 1911.The second chapter analyzes the Sino-Japanese diplomacy during the Hongxian gestation period. Japanese encouraged Yuan Shikai to be emperor. Yuan signed with Japan the betrayal of national sovereignty "twenty-one." in exchange for Japan's support.The third chapter introduces public diplomacy during the period of implementation of Hongxian. The attitude of Japanese towards monarchy in this period was more complex. From both sides of public policy to implementation during the period of imperialist powers such as Britain and Russia in joint co-intervention, Hong Xian monarchy is in full swing on the hard-line Japanese did not dare to slacken.The conclusion part introduced the Sino-Japanese diplomacy after the abolition of the Hongxian and summarize the diplomacy in this period.