Study On ZhangWafu' Precepts And Thoughts

It is generally acknowledged that Zhang Wanfu(张万福)was an important character, following famous taoist priest LuXiujing(陆修静)but before another famous taoist person DuGuangting(杜光庭),who had made great contribution to taoist precepts and rituals in the history of Taoism, on methodology,this paper focus on textual research and analysis, Based on Zhang Wanfu'original Taoist text in Taoist canons, On the foundation of former achievement, try to make a fractionize and deeply research on the Taoist precepts and thoughts of Zhang Wanfu.The first chapter mainly introduces The existing text which is written by Zhang Wanfu and discusses the background of the Taoist precepts collected by Zhang Wanfu。Tang Dynasty was the golden age of Taoism, but the Taoist precepts is lax and some Taoist priests flatter imperial power. Zhang Wanfu had been to many places and witnessed the chaos of Taoism,, he also received the support of Princess TaiPing, which may be the main cause of his redoing in Taoist precepts.The second chapter is devoted to textual analysis and interpretation for three-converted precepts(三皈戒),five precepts(五戒),eight precepts(八戒),ten highest precepts(无上十戒),180 Precepts Spoken by Lord Lao(老君百八十戒),ten Precepts Spoken by the Celestial Worthy (天尊十戒):"ourteen Self-cultivation principle(十四持身品)and the Great two-hundred Precepts of the Wisdom and Inward Gazes (智慧观身二百大戒等戒律)and so on. then make an research on those precepts's objects and the its spread before Tang Dynasty. Taoist precepts formed in the period of North-south Dynasty, By the Tang Dynasty, Taoist precepts are very diverse, even have many fictional precepts.From diverse precepts which are received by Orthodox Unity(正一),Numinous Treasure(灵宝),Highest Clarity(上清)recorded in the taoist text San Dong ZhongJie Wen(三洞众戒文),we know that taoist school in North-south Dynasty gradually evolve into the taoist meditative stages of receiving precepts。In many diverse precepts, three-converted precepts precepts(三皈戒),five precepts(五戒),eight precepts (八戒),ten precepts (十戒)are fundamental, which are aslo prevalent.The third chapter mainly focus the taoist test Shuan Shou San Dong Jing Jie Fa Lu Lue Shuo(传授三洞经戒法篆略说),reviews the receiving order of taoist precepts and scriptures and the buddhism-taoism precepts interaction in medieval China。From the perspective of the taoist precepts of three-converted precepts(三皈戒),five precepts(五戒),eight precepts(八戒),the taoist precepts are influenced by buddhist precepts in both form and content, But unlike buddhist precepts, the receiving of taoist precepts combine with taoist scriptures, which also embodies the ethics of Confucianism。The fourth chapter mainly makes a study compared Zhang Wanfu'taoist precepts with taoist Fragments associated precepts in Dunhuang manuscripts。In taoist text San Dong Zhong Jie Wen(三洞众戒文),Zhang Wanfu emphasizes "secular men and women, ten highest precepts "," ten Precepts Spoken by the Celestial Worthy," " "fourteen Self-cultivation principle" "anybody who received precepts must copy associated scriptures", we combine those point with Dunhuang manuscript P.2347,S.6454, we know "secular men and women, ten highest precepts ","ten Precepts Spoken by the Celestial Worthy," fourteen Self-cultivation principle "are also be emphasized in dunhuang manuscripts, This suggests that ten precepts is important to Taoism in Tang dynasty. According to the materials referenced in Ze Ri Lii择日历),Dunhuang manuscript S.203 may be copied from theZhengYiFaWenDuLuDuZhiYii正一法文度篆度治仪)cited in Zhang Wanfu'Ze Ri Li.The fifth Chapter basically make modern interpretation and realistic ideological thinking of zhangwanfu'Taoist precept thoughts. The basic spirit of Taoist precepts is to Prevent evil and Teaches people to be good, The major objective of Taoist precepts is to tablish sanctity for asceticism。Taoist precepts show great care fo practical r ethics。in modern society, there is an tension between ancient Taoist precepts and modernity, so the fine traditions of taoist precepts should be developed and be made to adapt to the socialism market economy, this may be one of the possible approaches which can solve such a tension.The last part of this paper reassessment the status of Zhang Wanfu in the history of Taoism and make an expectation of the field which is unfinished in this paper. Zhang Wanfu's position in taoist history, There is discrepancy between official records and taoist internal records. The reason that official records indifference to Zhang Wanfu may be he play a role in the Princess TaiPing event.Zhang Wanfu'taoist precepts and rituals are against with temporal power, As a consequence, he is gradually fading vision. But Du guangting gives very high remarks about ZhangWanfu'contribution for taoist precept, it seems clear that Zhang Wanfu'important position in the history of taoist precepts and rituals. The interaction between taoist precepts and the Tang dynasty'laws, the relationship between taoist precepts and taoist Confession principe need to further study.