Research On The Identifying Characteristics Of The LiangZhu Culture Jade Artifacts And Antique Ones

Since the neolithic age, China was country with prosperous and continuous jade culture lasting 8000 years. So jade culture was often regarded as the initial watershed between the eastern and western civilization, the jade's excavated from Liangzhu culture reached the peak in that time. For the rarity of the ancient jade, a large number of antique jade were pushed into the market, so we need a comprehensive distinction between authenticity and fack ones.In this paper, first, the type, number, decoration and the estimation of volume were totally overviewed, and then do a Comprehensive analysis from the four angle of material, cutting, erosion feature, elemental composition, and use the the theory to how to indentify antique jade. After that, imitation jade materials were elected to compare with the Liangzhu jade from the components of the properties and elements. And the conclusions were as follow:1. According to the present excavated Liangzhu jade, it is summarized that the main representative types were cong, yue, bi, crown-shaped, sancha-shaped, cone-shaped and so on, the special Shapes were bixing-shaped, jade spoon, spinning wheels, bird inlay lacquer cups, fish, huang-shaped, etc. And the Common decoration were animal mask, bird mask, moire, feature, dragon, lozenge, Wire cutter, etc.2. An estimation of the volume in the Liangzhu culture was did, and made a conclusion of 36t, regarding the standard samples of large Fanshan tomb groups, middle Fuquanshan tomb groups and little Zhuangqiaofen tomb groups.3. Tremolite appeared as the highest proportion of the types of Liangzhu culture, and also serpentine, fluorite, quartzite, turquoise, sericite existed. Among them, tremolite can devide into two kinds, one kind is the green color with yellow hue (the archaeology also called lake green), exquisite texture, containing less impurities; another color is dark green, more impurities than the first kind of jade, the most samples appear porphyritic texture.4. For the different tools and way, so there were many distinguish on Processing trace between genuine jade and antique ones. It Displays in cutting, drilling, polishing traces, etc. such as the liangzhu jade of double-sided drill, step mark and antique jade's single-sided drill, the spiral mark.5. The most of liangzhu jade were eroded into "chicken bone " color, and displayed more erosion characteristics, except the physical characters'change, The look of erosion part of jade have eroded hole (Mayi Dong), Hang erosion, erosion spots, erosion ditch, erosion vein (mesh and whirlpool) and surface erosion, and so on. Different erosion phenomenon often displayed on the same jade which is less on the antique ones. Because liangzhu jade is first processing, and then eroded comparing with antique ones'processing after eroded, that's the important reason which caused difference directly in appearance.6. Previous studies showed that the content of elements would change after Liangzhu jade was corroded, which is caused by the groundwater ion buried in soil exchange for a long time. And the antique forms through quickly soaked under strong acid, so exchange of the former will not occur, but perhaps remains chemical composition in the process of being crystal damage soaked.7. On the contrast of tremolite on the market, the Liyang tremolite show pan-gray with lighter color, and glass and transparency are poor along with the more fractured, therefore, Liangzhu jade material is easier to be distinguished from it's appearance. The transparency of Qinghai tremolite is obviously better than the others, and the outward appearance of tremolite between Xiuyan and Liangzhu jade material is more similar.8. Imitation jade materials were elected to compare with the Liangzhu jade from the components of the properties and elements. We can summarize that difference on main elements, trace elements and rare earth elements, which displayed the content distinguish of SiO2,MgO,Al2O3, the content distinguish of trace elements such as Zn, Sr, Cr, Ba, etc, the difference of light REE and heavy REE. So it can illustrate that elements testing can be used to distinguish with liangzhu materials, and can provide a certain theoretical basis.