The Research On Wuhan Social Relief Facilities After The Anti-Japanese War (1945-1949)

Because of the Anti-Japanese War, the Civil War and the frequent natural disasters in the period of the Republic of China, millions of refugees and victims appeared. In order to cure the wound of the war and to solve these refugees'problems, different kinds of social relief organizations were set up in Wuhan City after the Anti-Japanese War. This dissertation studies the social relief facilities in Wuhan City during 1945-1949. Basing on collecting a host of documentary materials, newspapers and magazines of that time, it tries to seek a comprehensive summing-up and analysis.This dissertation consists of 5 chapters. The first chapter mainly analyses the practical reason of the birth of Wuhan social relief facilities after the Anti-Japanese War. The so-called practical reasons have many aspects, including the problems lasted from the Anti-Japanese War, the refugees resulted from natural disasters in the postwar period, and the Civil War period.The second chapter firstly depicts the social relief organizations in Wuhan City as a whole, and then take Wuhan Temporary Relief Committee(WTRC) as a representative, introducing its found and activities. Compared with other social relief organizations, the WTRC founded earlier, and its relief facilities helped the refugees in a way. Due to short of funds, its relief effect is not so good. But its experiences were used for reference by the latter social relief organizations.The third chapter reviews the social relief facilities in Hankou City, taking Hankou Social Relief Committee(HSRC) as an example to explore its social relief facilities and its funds operational mode. In refugees'relief, children's relief, labors'relief, the HSRC is better than WTRC. In funds operational mode, the HSRC brought society into play, thus it had a broader resource in collecting funds.The fourth chapter reviews the nongovernmental social relief facilities in Wuhan City after the Anti-Japanese War. Because of the abundance of Shantang in Wuhan City between the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China period, this chapter takes Shantang as a representative to introduce the outline of the civilian social relief facilities in Wuhan City of that time. Besides it, this chapter also depicts the relief activities of countrymen committee. These civilian relief organizations not only do their own business, but also undertake some relief activities of government.The fifth chapter analyses the cooperation of government and nongovernment in social relief facilities, taking winter relief and soup kitchen as examples. All in all, through the description of relief facilities of the postwar government, nongovernment and the cooperation between them, this dissertation tries to reveal the hardship of relief facilities of that time. Social relief facilities not only depend on government, but also depend on the whole society. This may be the valuable experience left to us.