The Study On Baoding Chamer During The Fall

The establishment of the chamber of commerce was one of the most important aspects of social transformation, and became the embryonic of civil society in social transformation at the late of Qing Dynasty. It made the important influence in the Industry and commerce modernization. With the outbreaking of the Anti-Japanese War, the construction of chamber of commerce systerm has changed a lot and also the relationship between the Chamber and government was changing all the time. September 24, 1937 , BaoDing city was occupied by the enemy. The chamber under colonial rule of BaoDing lost the rules according to the law and most of the activities was obeyed the administrative orders of the enemy. Puppet government regulated the relationship between the chamber and association, and by this way, strengthen the controlling of chamber. Puppet government transformed the old systerm of chamber obviously and established the"XinMinHui"to control the members of chamber and association and established the"ZuHe"to control the commercial materials. The chamber activities scope only was limited in"HuaBei", in which Japanese colonialists had the absolute authority. BaoDing chamber was forced to take part in the HuaBei chamber union and was forced to get close to Japanese by tarding and holding exhibition. In specific matters, Puppet government send more economic burden and administrative burden to chamber and association which was benefit to Japanese troops'military operations and Puppet government's reactionary rule. Although exploitation and oppression was serious, the chamber was not completely becoming the tools services the colonial rule. BaoDing chamber was autonomous organizations of businessmen. The chamber has a rational knowledge to the society falling to enemy occupation,and seeked a balance between obedience and confrontation. With the political pressure of Puppet government, BaoDing chamber lost the independent and the spirit of democracy, turned to"Business is business", and tried its best to protect businessman's rights and interests.