A Study Of The Constructions, Degree-quantity And Level-quantity In The Conclusion Section Of Comparative-Sentences With "比 (bǐ)

In modern Chinese comparative-sentences with "比(bi)" are formed by four sides and five key factors: comparative objects (including character A and character B); comparative word "比(bi)"; Comparative view and comparative constructions. Take a sentence in Mandarin as an example, "他比你高" (it means he is taller than you.). It's a* sentence which compares the height difference between "他" and "你". The conclusion of comparing is "高". This paper discusses the conclusion section of the comparative-sentences with "比(bi)", and will put an emphasis on the analysis of the constructions' types and measure-features on degree or level.The conclusion section of comparative-sentences with "比(bi)" has three types: Adjective-Conclusion section, Verb-Conclusion section, and Noun-Conclusion section. Each type can also divide into some sub-branches. Adjective-conclusion section can classified into 6 sub-branches, "A (了le)", "A(了le) + C(了le)","A+ 不 (bu)+ 了(le)+quantity", "Z+A", "不(bu)+A", "Z+A(了le)+C(了le)","VP+AP" and "AP+VP". Verb-conclusion section can also be divided into 6 types, they are "V 了(le) ", "V+O", "V1+N+V2", "Z+V+(O)", "V+(O)+C" and "Z+V+(O)+C". Noun-conclusion section can be divided into two types: "还(hai) NP"and "还像/似 NP".Through the analysis to these constructions, we can see that the effect of comparative-sentences with"比(bi)" is to compare the difference of the two comparative-objects on degree or level. It has vital connection with the quantity. We classified the quantity reflected in the comparative-sentences with" 比(bi)" into two types: Degree quantity and Level quantity. Degree quantity means the quantity the conclusion section reflects is a scope, including: fuzzy quantity and exact quantity. Fuzzy quantity includes: minute quantity, moderate quantity and high quantity. Level quantity not only confirms the difference of comparison and the quantity, butalso confirms its natures. Level quantity is realized by adding adverb "还", "更", "都". Different conclusion sections have their individual degree-quantity models and level-quantity models.Because of the difference on the degree and level-quantity, comparative-sentences with "比(bi)" can be divided into mono-level comparative sentences and bi-level comparative sentences. Mono-level sentences constructions has no presupposition, it only has the features of degree. Bi-level comparative constructions has the confirming presupposition, it has both the features of degree but also of level. When these two kinds of features combine together, it will show a complete semantic of bi-level comparative constructions. The usage of adverbs "还", "更" and "都" are different in comparative sentences with "比". "还" can be used in the comparison with other objects, oneself and the standard, "更" just be used in the comparison with other objects, oneself. "都" only used in the comparison with standard.The key existing condition for the comparative sentences with "比" depends on whether the conclusion section has the degree features to compare. Mono-level comparative constructions and bi-level comparative constructions have different formal and semantic features, which will select the type of Adjectives, Verbs and Nouns constructions entering conclusion section.