Onto And Being: Two Aspects Of One Body Of Wang Yang-Ming's Philosophy

The Character(Xing)is the true origin of cosmos and the Mind is the integration of thinking. Setting the thinking in the system of the Character or setting the Character in the system of thinking is presented in the different directions and stages of philosophy.In the philosophy of Chu Hsi, the Li(Principle)is subjectified and objectified to be the subject to the knowledge. Although many scholars said that Chu Hsi was not only attached importance on the Li but also on the Chi(Material force),the Li was the most original to become the transcendental Onto at last. As subject, the Li was brought light on clearly, but the Man being master was forgotten. The actions of knowing had not kept its promise made at start to the Man himself, and the value of Man had been absorbed into the value of Li as a subject value. The Wang Yang-Ming's philosophy turned the direction of the thinking tide of Neo-Confucianism in Song-Ming dynasties."Non-substantial substance out of the Mind" is reverse to common sense, which went the origin of beings back to the Mind and made it accessible to the way to the Being. Being different from George Berkeley(1685-1763)who used sensibility to disperse the illusion of pure objective, Wang Yang-Ming directly resorted to the Mind, a priori. However, 'Non-substantial substance out of the Mind" doesn't mean to rule out the objective of world, which only to find the Lebenswelt and to prepare for returning to it. The "Substance" in Wang Yang-Ming's philosophy doesn't only include what the sensibility is at, but also all of what the Ideas is at. Therefore, the Substance just is the beings being in the Lebenswelt. The Lebenswelt is a world with meaning, so the substance in it must be relative to meaning and be the event. In this opinion, it may not be exaggerated to say that Wang Yang-Ming found the Lebenswelt."Non-substantial Li out of the Mind and non-substantial Thing out of the Mind" made it clear that the Man is the base of the Ontologie, as made the things start to open to the Being. However this is not more than a start. How to disclose the Being is a problem should be further inquiring. The result of inquiring is the enlightment of the Onto of the Mind, the Unity of knowledge and action. The Unity of knowledge and action is the situation of the Being of Sage and directs to the Onto of knowledge andaction. Liang-Chih(the innate knowledge of the good)is made the Onto, which means Wang Yang-Ming had chosen the morals as the direction in the course of metaphysically inquiring, and the valuation of good and evil came to being a vital problem. The determination is based on a deep metaphysical insight. Nevertheless, the Onto is not only the morals after all, how to go beyond the good and evil through the valuation of good and evil had been the problem Wang Yang-Ming had to think of.The good and evil couldn't never be present in some kind of forms of culture that made Liang-Chih lying in some kind of caves. But the Sage could go beyond the empirical boundary of cultural characters and external matters, to reach the field disclosed, and to creatively reach the common field of the good and evil in the human meaning. The clear-light field of Being is only due to human beings, but, it is not universal and on hand. To reach the field, one must have done a system of hard works, in addition, it can't be the clear-light of pure Idea insulated from the things, but the present of that of Man and things together through the Man. That is the teaching of Four-Sentence Teaching.The Unity of Onto and Being (Gong-Fu)is not to take the Being instead of the Onto because the Onto and the Being are two aspects of the clear-light being. The Onto and the Being belonging to one body doesn't indicates that the Onto could be neglected. The Onto is not only the direction of the Existence(the Being of human), but also the situation of the Being, and as a perfect dream ,just lies in the Being.