| Tongguan county lies in the most east part of Guanzhong Plain of Shaanxi province. The area of Tongguan county is 444.96 square kilometers, and the population is 122,500. It borders on Lingbao county of Henan province to the east, Huayin county of Shaanxi province to the west, Luonan county to the south, Dali county to the north west, and Ruicheng county, which is on the opposite side of Yellow river and belongs to the Shanxi province, to the north. Tongguan is usually titled "The most important strategic pass, the thoroughfare of three provinces.Tongguan dialect belongs to the Guanzhong sub-dialect of the Zhongyuan dialect of the northern Mandarin Chinese.The phonological system of Tongguan dialect: there are 27 initials including the zero initial, 46 finals and 4 tones in Tongguan dialect. The sandhi are two types. The 46 finals have 10 rhotacized vowels, and these vowels usually show the meaning of little and the feeling of like. Neutral tone appears on the suffixes, auxiliaries, modal particles and reduplicated words. On the base of phonological analysis, this thesis gives a homophonic table and compares the phonology with Mandarin Chinese and middle ancient Chinese as well, then summarizes its synchronic phonological features and diachronic evolutionary rules.The lexical system of Tongguan dialect: the thesis records about 1500 words by the form of glossary. According to the standard of meaning and usage category, the glossary of Tongguan dialect can be divided into 20 kinds. They are chronometer and geography, season and time, agriculture and its instruments, crop and plant, animal, architecture and appliance, character and appellation, body and organ, illness and medicine, clothing and ornament, food and life, marriage and funeral, superstition and lawsuit, commerce and craft, culture and amusement, action and mentality, direction and position, person and pronoun, adjective and properties, function word.The grammatical system of Tongguan dialect: the grammatical system of Tongguan dialect is basically similar to Mandarin Chinese, but it still has some specialcharacters. The thesis researches 7 characters, they are word ending Zi, place pronoun suffix [an], word reduplication, imperative word [], measure word Ge, and Ba sentence. The word ending Zi is used more widely than Mandarin Chinese, because the Zi not only is used as Mandarin Chinese, but also could be combined with some other words. The nouns of locality of Tongguan dialect always have the suffix "[an]", and the meaning of "[an]" is equal to the suffix "Tou" and "Bian" in Mandarin. The reduplicated words include the reduplicated noun, adjective, verb and onomatopoeia. The pronoun of Tongguan dialect is very special, such as the plural forms of pronoun are formed by changing the tone, and the indicative pronouns have some special expressing forms. The imperative word [i] can express the mood of command, encouragement, dissuasion, etc. The measure words of Tongguan dialect are lacking, and 17 measure words of Mandarin Chinese can be used as Ge in Tongguan dialect. In syntax, the Ba sentence has 3 characters when comparing with Mandarin Chinese, firstly object could be unlimited, secondly the negative adverb "Bao (Do not)" can be inserted between the Ba and the predicate, thirdly the predicate verb could be a single verb. At last, the thesis provides several grammatical examples and phonological examples.Tongguan dialect has the very important position in the research of Guanzhong dilect. This thesis is to study the Tongguan dialect for the first time. Through fieldwork, I investigate Tongguan dialect and record it, at the same time, adopting the methods of descriptive linguistics, contrastive linguistics and historical linguistics, objectively analyze the phonological, lexical and grammatical systems firstly, compare Tongguan dialect with Mandarin Chinese, and conclude the characteristics of Tongguan dialect, at last, from the diachronic view, using the middle ancient Chinese phonological system represented by Qieyun and Guangyu...
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