| In Modern Chinese, the adjective "å°" (small) is used frequently. In every category of both, spoken and written Chinese, we can find many sentences and phrases which contain the adjective "å°" (small). The "Modern Chinese Dictionary" lists 228 words and phrases which begin with the sign "å° " . It is thus obvious that the adjective "å° " (small) is used very often. On page 86 of the book "300 questions about Modern Chinese Grammar", when answering the 100th question (What are the functions of adjectives in Modern Chinese?), Professor Xing Fuyi points out: "Generally, adjectives in Modern Chinese can serve as attribute, predicate (or center of a predicate), adverbial modifier and complement." "However, not every adjective has the four above-mentioned functions." "When being used in concrete sentences, different adjectives have different functions, so we need to analyze particularly the adjectives."Professor Xing Fuyi indicates that in Modern Chinese, according to the different functions of the adjective "å°" (small), we can divide it into two classes: Typical adjective and non-typical adjective. Each class of the adjective " å°" (small) has which grammatical functions, which rational and emotive meanings, and can be used in which particular structures? These questions deserve particular analyzing.The thesis divides into three main parts:In the first part we especially analyze the functions of "å°" (small) as typical adjective in Modern Chinese syntax, after that, we discuss its rational and emotive meanings and introduce some particular structures which contain "å°" (small) as typical adjective. "å° " as typical adjective can be modified by the degree adverb "#很"or"太", it can be reduplicated, it often serves as attribute, predicate(or center of a predicate) and complement of verbs. Not only the monosyllabic adjective " å° "can serve as attribute, but also the reduplicated form "å°å°" and the phrases which contain "å°" can serve as attribute, and they have different characteristics. When serving as predicate(or center of a predicate) in complex sentences, "å°" as typical adjective has very distinctive characteristics. It expresses, that cubage, area, quantity, power, intension, etc. are inferior to the normal state or to the comparison.In the second part we discuss the functions of "å°" (small) as non-typical adjective in Modern Chinese syntax, after that we analyze some particular structures which contain it as non-typical adjective. " å°" as non-typical adjective cannot be modified by the degree adverb "很 " or "太", it cannot be reduplicated, often serves as adverbial modifier, sometimes serves as subject or object. When serving as adverbial modifier, it means "momentarily", "a little", etc. When serving as subject or object, it means "small thing", "young people", etc. In some cases the non-typical adjective "å°" can take an object. When taking an object, "å°" has the characteristics of a verb.In the third part we discuss the using-frequency of " 'h " and the characteristics of words and phrases listed in "Modern Chinese Dictionary" beginning with the sign "å°" . The "Modern Chinese Dictionary" lists 228 words and phrases which begin with"å°". Nearly 88% of these words and phrases are nouns or noun phrases, they are thus in the majority. Adjectives (or adjective phrases) and verbs (or verb phrases) are in the minority; there is only approximately 6% of each. In nouns (noun phrases), adjectives (adjective phrases), "å°" commonly serves as typical adjective. In verbs (verb phrases), " å°" commonly serves as non-typical adjective.The thesis excerpts the viewpoints of correlative documents of famous Chinese linguists and at the same time - after doing research on a large number of novels in Modern Chinese - introduces new discoveries and opinions on the functions of "å°" in Modern Chinese syntax. Sequentially, we hope to get a systematic understanding of the functions of "å°" in Modern Chinese syntax.Having completed this analysis, we find that phrases, which contain" å° " as an import... |
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