Review Of Chen Qi-mei's Fightings Against Yuan Shi-kai Before And After The Second Revolution

Chen Qi-mei is a famous capitalistic revolutionary in modern China. In the period of Xin Hai Revolution, he and Li Xie-he led the recovery of Shanghai which accelerated the collapse of Qing Dynasty. After the breakout of the Second Revolution,he declared the independence of shanghai ,led the fighting against Yuan Shi-kai in Shanghai ,and gave the reactionary force a powerful bitting. In the period of Xin Hai Revolution, Chen Qi-mei made many contributions and did some things that saddened his own folk and gladdened the enemy . Common people gave different judgment on him. But when we make a general survey of all his life, we should acknowledge that he proved himself to be an outstanding democracy revolutionary of the capitalist class. This thesis will analyse Chen's series of fightings against Yuan shi-kai with a view to affirm the positive contributions made by Chen in Chen's opposing Yuan's autocracy to uphold republic.The first part: the first confrontations with Yuan Shi-kai before the Second Revolution. The aim of this part is to show that Chen Qi-mei had the strong tendency to oppose Yuan before the Second Revolution. At first ,he didn't agree with the peace negotiation between South and North. Secondly ,he fought against Yuan on the problem of retaining or abolishing the Shanghai commander-in-chief. Thirdly, he implied that he was irreconciable to Yuan when he reached Beijing to meet Yuan.The second part: dispatch of armed forces to fight against Yuan Shi-kai when the second revolution broke out . This part mainly sets forth the revolution experience of Chen Qi-mei in the second revolution. At first, he made great contributions to discover the truth of Song Jiao-ren murder case. Secondly, after experiencing the failure to push over Yuan's rule by law,he recognized more clearly the reactionary nature of Yuan Shi-kai and finally started fighting against Yuan by force to safeguard the republic .The third part : fighting against Yuan Shi-kai without fear after theSecond Revolution .This part mainly analyses Chen's series of armed fightings against Yuan under the leadership of Sun Zhong-shan in hardships . e.g. to fight against Yuan in northeast China , to help build the revolution party of China to oppose Yuan by organization, to return shanghai to fight against Yuan Shi-kai,to launch Chaohe uprising which fired the first shot against Yuan's emperior dream, to stir up shanghai jiangzhe uprising which expanded the prestige of Tsai O's Yunnan anti-Yuan drive, and so on .The conclusion holds that Chen Qi-mei's attitude towards Yuan Shi-kai undergone a process from the tendancy to oppose Yuan to opposing Yuan firmly, and a process from opposing Yuan in thought to opposing Yuan in action. Chen Qi-mei's fighting against yuan's autocracy aimed to uphold the republic after the Second Revolution failure made chen's thought proceed to a higher stage from its maturity. Chen exhibited an merit ordinary contemporary revolutionary rarely possessed, which is "falling down and climbing up again and again without decline of determination". Chen's spirit of fearing no hardship and striving bravely is worthy of positive appraisal and learning for ever.