Study On The Urban Construction Of Qingdao During The Period Occupied By Germany

The purpose of this article is to deal with the rules, the planning and construction of Qingdao in the earlier period occupied by Germany, how Germany expanded Qingdao in the middle and upper period and the urban construction style in the period occupied by Germany. It would be my pleasure if the article could provide references for the urban construction in the present.The main content of the whole article includes six parts:I Kiaochow incident and the opening of QingdaoQingdao had been coveted by Germany for a long time. For the purpose of occupying Qingdao, German troops invaded and occupied it on the pretext of Juye Incident in November 1897. On 6th March 1898, Qing Dynasty was forced to sign the notorious Kiaochow Treaty with Germany. Then they signed Kiaochow Rent Lease, Chaoping Lease and Boundary Lease, materializing the scope of the concession. Thus Qingdao became one colony among the German colonial management system.II The urban programming in the earlier per iod(1898~1906) After invading, the colonialist designed the city deliberately. Atlast the collective blueprint for development (1900) came into being. Though the blueprint had the property of aggression and predation, it still had instructive experience theoretically: first, the design for the system of city roads; second, the design for the sight of the roads; third, the design for the division according to its function and structure.But the construction carried out by German colonialist, lacking the consideration for the development were based upon depredation and occupancy, it had its obvious abuse:· railway going deep into the city produced a division in the city, making apiece function district contact with each other more difficult and makinglocal communication pressure became too great;· roadway system programming short of grading caused that the work on runoff burden was not equal;· both military and economical aggression had greatly disturbed and limited the development of urban public space;· the different district environment standard grading caused level of construction different and arose strong ethical contradiction;· neglecting the urban development and self-consummation made the city system difficult to be an organic one;· the city was divided into senior residency and slum, it was the main reason that caused urban social problems.These reflected adequately that the course of urban modernization had many contradictions with the course of colonizing.III The urban construction in the earlier per iod (1898~1906) At first, the German colonialist solved the problem where to find enough fund to the colony. The fund mainly came from what Government had invested in and the lend-lease. Secondly, they carried on effective land policy, preventing the speculation on land. So they gained great interests, protecting the land for urban construction. Thirdly, strengthened the construction on external traffic, such as the building on Qingdao, introducing for the free port institution and the open for Jiaoji railway. These measures raised the position of Qingdao in the cities along the sea line, prompting the quick growing up of Qingdao, benefiting the German aggression. At the same time, they adopted the policy of marching individually and constructing synchronized. The collective urban construction entirely outspread.IV The expansion of the urban construct ion (1906~1914) In the middle and last period occupied by Germany, along with the increase of the urban population, apiece urban content was enriched. The urban programming could not adapt to the urban development gradually. So the colonialist planed the collective design again, thus, the plan for downtown in 1910. The new plan emphasized the requirement of commercial development. From the framework to road net were centralized around thissubject. The first is that the subarea of Chinese-European district was eliminated; the second is that they decided to build new open port, raise the cargo' s capability of taking-in and sending-out...