The Researches About Qiwen During Middle Ages

This paper is divided into four parts.The first part discusses the beginning of Qiwen.Some senior persons thought that Qiwen had begun since the DongHan Dynasty,while others thought it had begun since the Jin Dynasty.I'm for the former and give some examples of Qiwen.Further more,I differentiate and analyse LiuXie's "taboo".Qiwen occurred as a kind of documents sent to the upper levels.The contents of Qinwen changed dramatically at the beginning of the Song Dynasty of the Southern Dynasties which led to the change of the function of the Qi literary form,but LiuXie,RenFang and XiaoTong still annotated it as a memorial to the emperor.Why?I think it regarded to their thoughts of literature and arts.The second part discusses the characteristics of the contents of Qinwen and the reasons for changing.I think Qinwen has the feature of instance which makes Qinwen to some extent reflect the feature of the spirit of the times.Here,we mainly discuss the viewpoint of a talented person and the activity of Buddhism in Qinwen.Because of daily life things in Qinwen,it occurs more trivial than Sing of things.The third characteristic of the contents of Qinwen is its praisings.Writers praise the things emperors gived to praise emperors indirectly.I think,the shrink of scholars mind,the style of writing of the times,the activity of writer groups,are three main factors of the changing.And Qinwen writers in the Northern Dynasties wrote has kept the feature of a memorial to the emperor but those wrote by writers came from the Southen Dynasties such as WangBao and YuXin.I think it was influenced by the practical writing style of the Northern Dynasties.The third part discusses the form of Qinwen.Generally,Qinwen is short and brief.From its beginning to Song Dynasty,with the increase of the amount,Qinwen has fallen into a pattern gradually.However,writers wrote in a casual pattern.Its parallel style shows no difference with the writing style of the Southern Dynasties.In the technique of expression,here,we mainly discuss the feature of Qinwen's making literary allusions.In a word,the developing of Qiwen occurs a fairly distinct literaturize process which was correspondent with official document's literaturizationduring the Northern and Southern Dynasties.The last part discusses some relationships between Letters and Qinwen.Letters has been in its mature period when Xieqi occurred.Compared with Letters,the contents of Xieqi is too limited and trivial.Writers expressed their feelings of praising to emperors in Xieqi more indirectly while they do that more directly in Letters.Because of those differences,we should not simply regard Qinwen as Letters.And we also explain the reason why people consider Qinwen as Letters in this part.