| The Shangyang Reform was the leading reason on which Qin kingdom became mighty and prosperous, and could integrate ancient China eventual .On the other hand, it was helpful that Qin kingdom was superior on geographical conditions. We can restore the real appearance of history and give a new point of view for study in probing into the problem.Marx and Engles pointed out it were true and had to been admitted that geographical settings affect the society development. Of course, the determinant of the society development is mode of production, not the effects of geographical settings. Geographical conditions can accelerate or keep putting off the society progression, make different countries and nations advance out of balance. As productivity level lower in early civilization time, the effects of geographical conditions showed greater than today. First of all, we must make clear of a set of events relating to national territorial limits of Qin kingdom. Qin was just a small state attached by the Zhou Empire at the very beginning and might was a little. After the king Zhoupingwang removed the city Luoyi , Qin grew into one of dukes under an emperor. Afterward, Qin nation crossed the Mountain Longshan and arrived in the central Shanxi plain. They captured lands by driving off Rong tribes. By the great king Qinmugong, Qin nearly conquered overall the plain. The boundary limits of Qin kingdom moved forward to the River Huanghe and the Mountain Huashan. At early Warring States Period, a series of civil strives took place in Qin kingdom. At the same time, the adjacent Wei kingdom was becoming powerful and flouring. The territory of Qin kingdom diminished, boundary lines went back by the River Luohe .In the king Qinxiangong and king Qinxiaogong ruling period, might of Qin kingdom restored and recaptured lost territories. By the king Qinhuiwenwang, Qin merged the abundant Bashu region. After that, those successive Qin kings kept a poly to aggress the east. To the king Qinwangzheng, Qin kingdom smashed the east six powers and set up the central Qin Empire. Qin kingdom was situated in the north—west corner of the Cathy civilization area. There were not any strong enemy in the west,north and south. All opponents of Qin kingdom were in the east central plain. Therefore Qin kingdom was not afraid to be surrounded when enlarging lands easily. Bashu region that was also located border district like Qin kingdom and intimidated Chu kingdom from a side was forward station to attack Chu .Qin kingdom that looked down from a height to the east as the absolute majority parts of lands were on the second ladder of Chinese terrain was easy to defend herself. The main lands of Qin kingdom was surrendered by mountains and rivers: the Mountain Longshan was in the west, high and steep the Mountain Qinling was laid across in the south, the Mountain Huanshan and the River Huanghe east, the losses plateau north. Qin look like a natural castle. Foreign communication of Qin kingdom relied on several ways. There was a mountain pass to guard a strategic point at every passage. It's too difficult to attack Qin kingdom. Any enemy could hardly come into the central Shanxi plain. As a result, Qin kingdom could develop production safely to build up strength and was on watch for the east to seek opportunity to hit out initiatively.The central Shanxi plain and Bashu were two main pieces of agro economic zone. There the plains were extensive, soil was fertile, and the resources of water were plenty. Besides climate in that time could have been warm and moist. Those natives in the two places were in longstanding agriculture traditions. Consequently agriculture of Qin kingdom was blooming and cereal production was enormous.There were a great deal of prayers in the County Longxi,County Shangjun and County Beidi. Qin nation was good at livestock breeding. So animal husbandry of Qin country was thriving and abounded in fine horses.For the geographical position of Qin kingdom was over a part of the west of China, Qin that k...
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