Professional And Bureaucratic Appellations In Guoyu

(Luo Chunying Chinese linguistics major tutor: vice-professor Liu Xingjun)Character belongs to ideograph, the earliest meaning, that is the original meaning could be caught through analyzing its form and pronunciation where abundant cultural information was stored. Research on the relation between character and culture is being the hot area of linguistic study recently. Research on culture by means of character certainly refers to a kind of words, professional and bureaucratic appellations, PB appellation in short. It could reflect the professional composing,productive level and economic situation in a society, and it's very important and efficient measure for cultural study. Guoyu is historic prose noting the speech and mainly noted the speech among eight seigniors in Chunqiu period. The book had a outstanding trait different from others that the whole volume used the spoken languages to describe history. So this thesis chose Guoyu as the object of study. It aimed at getting to know the social situation,differences and caused reasons among eight seigniors' PB appellations,single PB's track of development.There were 277 PB appellations in Guoyu according to statistics, and they were classified into nine categories as agriculture(26),divine(24),military(51),etiquette(17),trade(12),education(11),artistry(21),outside court (74)and inside court(41). The PB appellations belonging to certain kind would be listed in detail in chapter Two with volume and title convenient for consulting. The thesis introduced the intention,meaning,task and means for PB appellations' study in preface. Resorting to Jiaguwen and Jinwen was the main way, and complied with character's constitutes ground, i.e. pictographs,demonstrative,associative compounds and form-pronunciation to analyze its inner cultural connotation. In chapter One, the thesis gave a simple introduction for Guoyu, including its author and exegesis so that the readers could get a general knowledge about it. In chapter Two, the thesis anali8zed minutely the differences and reasons caused among eight seniors' PB appellations by the angle of history,geography and cultural inheritance, which would be helpful for deep understanding. Chapter Three was the detailed explanation on some PBs(59 words altogether, 20 single syllables, 39 double syllables), which werelisted by alphabet. The number of explained words just reflected the degree of importance some PBs owned in social life at that time, more quantity, more important. During the process of analyzing , not only the form but also its trait in pronunciation,historic and cultural background when invented were used to get the original meaning. Combined with the examples in Guoyu to state its usage in ancient documents; Take advantage of dialect and folk customs to prove it; Refer to Chinese Putonghua glossary system to describe its usage in modern life. Based on the work done above, the thesis drew conclusion about the development of culture,divine,military,trade,etiquette,education ,artistry etc. in Chunqiu period, it's the main content of chapter Four. Sum-up here was different from others, for it viewed the social phenomenon by the angle of PB appellations, and provided a new way on cultural study. Works to discuss the relation between Chinese and culture were not a few, but study specializing on certain aspect was not many. Most was a kind of overall research. This thesis was the first one to probe into the relation between appellations and culture beginning with certain book's PB appellations. It provided a newly view angle for study on Chinese and culture, and enriched the ways of cultural study. The thesis listed 277 PB appellations and classified them, explained 59 among them. Statistics and documentary materials in the thesis could be convenient for other scholars' relevant study. Moreover, the result got from the thesis would be a beneficial supplement for research area in Guoyu.The shortcomings lied in that analyzing on differences and reasons among eight seniors' PB appel...