The Study On The Pronunciation Of The Suffix "er" In The Dialect Of Tangshan

There are only two r-ending retroflexions in the dialect of Qian'an and in the dialect of the great part of Qianxi in Tangshan. They're perfectly identical with the "two little rhymes (two r-ending retroflexions)" which are attached to the "Thirteen Rhymes"-a rhyming dictionary which was widely spread during the period of Ming and Qing, and, now it is the earliest material on the r-ending retroflexions in Beijing dialect, but it's not all the basic rhymes that can form the "two r-ending retroflexions" because some rhymes can only have the independent suffix "er" and can not have the r-ending retroflexions. All these can help us confirm the existence of the two r-ending retroflexions in the period of the "Thirteen Rhymes", and also the early stage of Beijing dialect can only have two little rhymes. The fact that Dingxing and Xushui dialect in Baoding have only two r-ending retroflexions is almost identical with Qian'an and Qianxi. With the fact in Mancheng and Tangxian in Baoding,Zhaoxian and Gaoyi in Shijiazhuang, with the fact that Beijing is in Hebei province, we can safely say that it's essential to investigate the r-ending retroflexions in so many districts in Hebei province to study the history of the r-ending retroflexions in Beijing dialect.The r-ending retroflexions in Tangshan, Baoding and Shijiazhuang can safely confirm that the northern part of the country containing Beijing in the period of the "Thirteen rhymes" having only two little rhymes is entirely possible, but it's not all the thirteen rhymes that can form the two little rhymes. From the early two little rhymes to the eleven rhymes in the present, the r-ending retroflexions in Beijing have undergone several hundred years and they are still changing now. It's different for different rhymes to combine "er", and it's also different for different r-ending retroflexions to form. The development and change of language are closely affected by social contact and geographical conditions. With the historical written material, with the dialect material, with the current spoken language, perhaps we can discover that the development of the r-ending retroflexions in Beijing is from simple to complex.