The Study On The Problem Of Petty Official During Yongzheng Period Qianlong Period And Jiaqing Period

The problem of Petty Official is not only a peculiar phenomenon in a certain dynasty, but also one of the ways that display the inherent defects of entire feudal bureaucratic apparatus. Petty Official system foretold its defects since it came into being. With the increasing exhaustion of the efficiency of the feudal bureaucratic apparatus and the decline of the whole official quality, the harmfulness of Petty Official also aggravated, especially in Ming and Qing Dynasty. The thesis takes two typical cases in the period of Yongzheng Period Qianlong Period and Jiaqing Period as objects of study. They are the Petty Officials of Binbu who swindled in the 27th year of Qianlong Period and the Petty Officials of Tongzhou granary in the 14th year of Jiaqing Period. Starting with politics and economy, the thesis will deals with the problem of Petty Officials in terms of institution, as well as its negative influence. The author will try to breaks the model that study the problem of Petty Officials from the angle of political institution and carry on an analysis with examples.The thesis consists of five parts.1. Introduction. The author summarizes the available achievements of study and points out the deficiencies of previous researches. The author considers it necessary to use concrete examples to combine political institution and social influence together. It helps to study the cause of the problem of Petty Official deeply.2. The main characteristics of Petty Official system in Yongzheng Period, Qianlong Period and Jiaqing Period. The author describes the main characteristics from five aspects and believes that the major criminal means of Petty Officials is directly associated with political and economic treatments that the government exerted on them, and the association has automatic influence on feudal superstructure and the lower strata of society.3. The cases study of the problem of Petty Official in Yongzheng Period, Qianlong Period and Jiaqing Period. The author uses first -hand materials to analyze two typical cases and describes and analyzes the criminal means of Petty Officials. In the analysis of the formative causes of the problem of Petty Official, the author argues that the feudal bureaucratic system has some defects, such as the law of selection, avoidanceand practice, which give an opportunity that Petty Officials can exploit.4. Negative influence of Petty Officials and measures that deals with it. First of all, the author makes uses of the original records to discuss the negative influence of the problem of Petty Officials. Secondly, the author uses the memorials to the emperors and collected works to analyze the measures and political assumption that the government, bureaucrats and gentry employed to settle the problem of Petty Officials. However, both government decrees and advice of bureaucrats'and gentry 's can't effectively put an end to the negative influence of the problem of Petty Officials.5. Conclusion. By analyzing the problem of Petty Officials in Yongzheng Period, Qianlong Period and Jiaqing Period, the author reaches a conclusion: the problem of Petty Officials is a complex social problem, and it is a historical product based on realistic elements. Affected by these complicated elements, the system of Petty Officials defended the feudal rule, on the other hand Petty Officials caused harmfulness to feudal government and society by indiscriminate uses of their power.