A Primary Study About The Development And The Substitution Of The Frequently Used-synonym During Pre-Qin To The Former And The Latter Han Dynasty Of Shiji

Shiji(Records of the Historian) is the monumental work of Sima Qian. and it is the first comprehensive history book of our country. Almost all of our country's history books follow it's stylistic rules and layout. At the same time, it's language not only is the record of the dynasty of Qin and Han, but also has great impact on later ages. Therefore, the use, the development and the substitution of the frequently used-words will play an important role in the history of lexicology of Chinese.Meanwhile, because the language used in Qin and Han dynasty is the first step of the development of Chinese language, we should try our best to master it, and we must acquaint ourselves with it before we understand the change of later periods.The study of frequently used-word is necessary to the deep study of Chinese vocabulary history. And the study of a single case of the frequently used-word is an indispensable step on the whole Chinese language history. Although this kind of study has acquired increasing concern of academic circles, and new studies sprung up like mushrooms, we should pay more attention to it. Because when we work hard on it, we can make much contribution to the lexicology history, the compilation of dictionary, the discrimination of ancient books and the judgment of the dynasty of an ancient book.According to the 826 synonyms in the book of the Outline of the Organization, Differentiation and Analysis of the Synonym of Shiji(by Chi Chang-hai) and the Study of the Development of Frequently Used-word from Donghan to Sui Dynasty(by Wang Wei-hui),I selected 7 synonyms to study, depict and analyze them. The storehouse of language data is composed of Shiji, Shijing and other 14 books. And to some extent, we have come to some reliable data and conclusions.During the course of the study, I also acquired a lot of experience about the study of frequently used-word.Firstly, we should pay equal attention to the frequency of an old or new word, theability of forming new word. Secondly, the reasons of the development and substitution of frequently used-synonym are manifold and complex. On the one hand, because of the increasing burden, the function of the expression of the old word will be weaken. Then the new one will substitute for the old one. On the other hand, some man-made reasons can make a word replace the other. Thirdly, the difference between the synonyms is a slow course. During the course, gradual change is the main trend. Fourthly, all of the dictionaries and the gloss of interpretation books are the important reference to the study. Finally, the study of the frequently used-word has close relationship with the judgment of the dynasty of ancient books. They interact each other. And the most important principle of the study is the understanding of the standard of the semantic feature.