| Monologue, a discourse mode indicating a psychological framework when one individual runs into self-reflection and demonstrating the individuals' consideration on life and existence, was frequently employed in some works of both LU Xun and SHI Tiesheng. They, however, showed great similarity and aesthetic difference as well regarding their understanding on existence. In the past studies on their works, the observation was mainly conducted in a historical point of view, while the transverse comparative analysis was seldom adopted. With the visual angle of monologue, the article, utilizing the relevant theories on psychoanalysis and space-time concepts, makes a comparative study on the monologues used by LU and SHI, to search for a channel to the authors' spiritual world. The main idea contains three parts:Part one analyzes the essential conditions for the monologues employed by LU and SHI from two layers of external analysis and internal description. Only under a double context, can monologue demonstrate the spiritual world. First, from the daily experience and external atmosphere, man has the psychological state of being unable or unnecessary to converse, in which psychological desire to monologue shall occur. Secondly, from the psychological structure, individuals will have the misfortunes of survival. Upon being touched by the external factors, man, with injuring misfortunes, will plunge into monologue of self-response.Part two analyzes the understandings on life, through the monologues used by LU and SHI, with the theories on psychoanalysis and aesthe-psychology. Three subsections are included:Subsection one analyzes the monologue world of LU and SHI through the injuring misfortunes of the authors. Individuals have the real and spiritual misfortunes due to the living environment and their thinking. LU Xun, due to social, family and ideological factors, had the immense psychological injury, experiencing the hard reality of life with soul occasionally prodded. While thanks to the physical deformity, SHI Tiesheng raised a deep thinking toward life and existence. It is just through the employment of monologues that makes them arrive at the similar end from a different start.Subsection two lays emphasis on the shocking similarity of their experiences and attitudes toward life and existence, by means of analyzing the monologues of LU and SHI. Above all, both of them viewed the external environment as blackness, nothing, even desperation, which was in high conformity in terms of philosophy. Meanwhile, they shared the similar attitudes, namely, rebellion. LU and SHI surpassed the absurdness of life as well as the threat from death, with a firm rebellion against the misfortunes of life.Subsection three analyzes the differences between their experiences and attitudes toward life and existence, by analyzing the monologues of LU and SHI. First of all, LU Xun's rebellion was hopeless in a gloomy and doleful pattern. While SHI's was hopeful, in a hope-guiding, bright and happy way. Also, owing to the different periods, social conditions, and spiritual resources, LU's anxiety was irreconcilable. SHI's, however, finally burned up thanks to the various spirits.Part three studies the expression modes of philosophy behind the monologues by LU and SHI, employing the relevant theories on space-time concepts.First, expression of life in monologue of time. The core of monologue is man's experience of life and existence, but perception of time is the primary concern of monologue. LU Xun placed the individual life on the vertical coordinate of time including the past, present and the future, reviewing the nature of life. While SHI's understanding of time focused on the experience of life and existence.Secondly, perception of survival in monologue of space. The individual's thinking on the external environment reflects his real living space. Tensions between the individual and space, as well as the individuals constitute the main part of the perception of existence. Different from LU Xun, SHI was in harmony with the living... |
