Studies On The Problems Of Developing Official-Wisdom Of The Late Qing Period

It is simple to say that developing official-wisdom was the thought, opinion, and campaign that let officials accept education again in order to develop theirs wisdom and improve theirs ability.Political elite and the social personage of all circles at End-of-Qing expressed or stated views in succession about developing officials-wisdom and formed a trend of thought with great scale. The trend of thought was divided into two stages by the New Policies of the Late Qing Period. It searched for the reason, the way and the content of developing officials-wisdom. The trend of developing official-wisdom could not understand the basic reason for why the low wisdom of officials, arising irritable mood. But at the same time, the trend had promoted the development of developing official-wisdom and the New Policy of the Late Qing Period. So, it had unique historical significance and value.At End-of-Qing, there were three forms to develop official-wisdom. That was education in school, traveling abroad and studying in offices.Education in school was the most important kind to develop official-wisdom and was great expectations shown at end of Qing. From the capital Tong-wen house to the Official House of Capital University in Wu Xu Period, the thought to make official studying new science at school was put forward. Nevertheless, this thought couldn't be put into effect because of the obstruction of old liners. However, we must point that the efforts of Tong-wen house and Sun Jia-Nai had made preparations for the education of officials at End-of-Qing. Official House, Jin-shi House, Official-educating House and political-legal school at End-of-Qing have undertaken the task to develop official-wisdom.Traveling abroad was an important kind to develop official-wisdom, too. Lots of officials applied traveling one by one since the stimulus of a series of papers that was made by government. Traveling at overseas did good to develop official-wisdom. But at the same time, it brought some problems. Official-traveling tended to declinegradually after 1906, because of the strict restriction of government.Studying in offices was another kind of form of developing official-wisdom. This was the form to combine the studying with actual working closely, and form the system to study continuously. But its effect could not be estimated high.The trend and campaign of developing official-wisdom influenced, affected each other, advancing the development of the New Policies of the Late Qing period and the policies of Republican period. Nevertheless, because of being restricted by historical conditions, developing officials-wisdom at End-of-Qing had serious historical limitations. There was a lot of enlightenment in the expressions and lessons for us.