New Policy In Late Qing Dynasty In Henan And The Social Economy In Henan Province

The Qing Dynasty was compelled to reform as the situation is serious in late Qing period, and it included a lot, such as politics, economy, culture, military, education and so on, the reform had an important impact on the late Qing's society. The implementation of the new policies adopted by the Qing Dynasty towards Henan Province that had resulted in many changes in Henan Province. The paper sorts out the new policies adopted by the Qing Dynasty towards Henan Province thoroughly, especially the new policies in both society and economy, and the paper discusses the influence on society in Henan Province.The paper is divided into three parts:The first part introduces the socio-economic in Henan Province before the implementation of the new policies adopted by the Qing Dynasty in late Qing period. Under the influence of capitalism, the natural economy had trended to disintegration in Henan. During this period, the People basically had been living in the feudal mode of production yet. Farmer had been not only exploited by the way of feudal rent and usury, but also pressed by the way of the wage-labor. Although the relationships of landowners owning land had changed, they still had a considerable number of land. Corruption of Officials not only had increased the burden on the people, but also had caused the recession in the agricultural economy.The second part introduces the major policies adopted by the Qing Dynasty towards Henan Province in late Qing period and their implementation. First of all, they were the institutional reform and administrative rectification, as follows: the adding up of government agencies, the reduction of river project, the reduction of the extra-governmental organizations and officials, the punishment of mediocre officials, the introduction of good excellent officials. Secondly, they were the changes of finance and tax policy, including the changes of Likin, tax of salt, tax of grain and the burden of providing the traffics. Thirdly, they were the changes of monetary policy, including the usage of copper, the unification of currency, the stability of finance. The Fourth was the development of industry, which included the development of agriculture, industry and business. The fifth was the development of modern culture and education, including the foundation of modern schools and press. The Sixth was the changes in social customs and promotion of modern civilization, including improvement of social civilization and bailout.The third part introduces the impact on society, of which the implementation of the new policies adopted by the Qing Dynasty towards Henan Province in late Qing period. The positive aspects included the development of productivity, the modernization of agencies and officials and the improvement of ideas. There was its own limitations, leading to a number of social problems. Lacking of weak in Socio-economic and financial basis, hindering the further development of productive forces and the depth of the implementation of the new policies adopted by the Qing Dynasty towards Henan Province; conservative ideas, hampering the development of modern culture and education; increasing of taxes, leading to the impoverishment of people's lives; corruption of officials, all of that had aroused people's resistance.