The Cadre's Movement And Influence During The Course Of Britain Invading Chinese Tibet {1904-1937}

The official invasion of Britain to Chinese Tibet was from Francis Younghusband's mission aggression Lhasa in 1904, to the Anti-Japan War in 1937, up to the bursting out of World War â…¡, British Tibetan Frontier Cadre's influencing espionages were nearly broken up. During this course, British invasion and infiltration in Tibet were carried out through British Raj. At the end of 19th century and the beginning of 20th century, British Eastern India Company hungered for expansion the trade with Chinese midland, and attempted to gain the trade privilege through Chinese Tibet to Chinese midland in negotiation way, with the resistance of Tibet district and Qing Dynasty government, they choose to use force to open Chinese Tibetan door. During the course of British invading Chinese Tibet, British Raj frontier cadres played the special role, they pried intelligence, offered the policy consultancy, and practiced British Raj "forward policy" of invasion Tibet actually. The cadres were selected by Britain, then British Raj trained them, they exert a kind of inciting influence on the movement of Britain invading China, while for the peaceful unification of Chinese Central Government, they embarrassed and destroyed it unceasing. This dissertation is divided into three parts as follows: Section One narrates Eastern India Company's trade attempt on Tibet and its plot of invasion Tibet at the end of 19th century and the beginning of 20th century, including George Bogle's mission to Tibet: collecting intelligence espionages and "the first contact with Panchen lama"; Samuel Tunner's mission and the pause of British direct contact with Tibet; Other British explorers' movement of collecting intelligence and its affection on the Raj's decision-making; Curzon and Francis Younghusband's times: Britain Empire invaded Chinese Tibet in force. Section Two: The movement of British Raj's Tibetan cadres impacted on the British Tibet policy. After Curzon and Younghusband, under the camouflage of Trade Agents, British Raj's Tibetan cadres carried through a variety of intrigue movements, including Britain and British Raj's setup of invading Chinese Tibet and the cadre's choice and training; O'connor's movement and influence during the period of assuming Trade Agent Gyantse; Charles Bell and David Macdonald's movement and influence during the period of World War â… ; British "maintaining the Tibetan status quo" policy and "ariming Tibet" policy were carried through at the same time. Section Three is the conclusion part. We should estimate British Raj's cadres' role and influence during the course of Britain invading Chinese Tibet, through analyzing the result that the cadres implement different policy during different time, we come to a material conclusion about the cadre's function.